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Turkish grammar (Turkish: Türkçe dil bilgisi), as described in this article, is the grammar of standard Turkish as spoken and written by the majority of people in the Republic of Türkiye. Turkish is a highly agglutinative language , in that much of the grammar is expressed by means of suffixes added to nouns and verbs .
Grammatical abbreviations are generally written in full or small caps to visually distinguish them from the translations of lexical words. For instance, capital or small-cap PAST (frequently abbreviated to PST) glosses a grammatical past-tense morpheme, while lower-case 'past' would be a literal translation of a word with that meaning.
There are nine simple and 20 compound tenses in Turkish. The nine simple tenses are: simple past (di'li geçmiş), inferential past (miş'li geçmiş), present continuous, simple present , future, optative, subjunctive, necessitative ("must") and imperative. [74] There are three groups of compound forms.
Tureng dictionary (name coined from the first syllables of the words Turkish and English) is a bilingual online Turkish English dictionary provided by Tureng Çeviri Ltd, a Turkish translation company. As of May 20, 2009, the site has more than 2.000.000 English and Turkish words and phrases, classified into categories by the field of usage ...
In Russian and some other languages in the group, perfective verbs have past and "future tenses", while imperfective verbs have past, present and "future", the imperfective "future" being a compound tense in most cases. The "future tense" of perfective verbs is formed in the same way as the present tense of imperfective verbs.
Turkish vocabulary is the set of words within the Turkish language. The language widely uses agglutination and suffixes to form words from noun and verb stems. Besides native Turkic words, Turkish vocabulary is rich in loanwords from Arabic , Persian , French and other languages.
Turkish "to be" as regular/auxiliary verb and "to be" as copula (imek) contrasts.. The auxiliary verb imek (i-is the root) shows its existence only through suffixes to predicates that can be nouns, adjectives or arguably conjugated verb stems, arguably being the only irregular verb in Turkish.
Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source ... The movement to translate English and European texts transformed the Arabic and Ottoman Turkish ...