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Enamel-dentin fracture A fracture is confined to enamel and dentin with loss of tooth structure, but exposing the pulp; Not tender upon percussion test; If tenderness is observed, evaluate the tooth for possible luxation or root fracture injury; Normal mobility; Sensibility pulp test is usually positive; Enamel-dentin loss is visible
Enamel spindles are often confused with two other entities: enamel lamellae and enamel tufts. Lamellae are linear enamel defects that extend from the surface of the enamel towards the DEJ, or vice versa. Enamel tufts are "small, branching defects that are found only at the DEJ, protruding into the enamel towards the enamel surface.
Enamel is as brittle as glass and yet it can constantly withstand bite forces during chewing as high as 1,000 N many times a day. [11] [12] As such, it has been argued, that enamel tufts is an example of how nature has created a biomechanical solution to the problem of weak internal interfaces that laminate structures would otherwise have. [8]
Secondary dentin is darker and more opaque than primary dentin. This gives the dentin an overall darker appearance. [11] At the same time, the enamel layer is gradually thinned by tooth wear processes such as attrition and acid erosion, a degree of which is considered normal. [11] Enamel also becomes less porous and phosphate-deficient.
The sheath is also responsible for multiple or accessory roots (medial growth) and lateral or accessory canals in the root (break in epithelium). [3] It is controversial, but HERS may be involved in cementogenesis and the secreting of cementum, or that HERS-derived products might be related to enamel-related molecules, and that these proteins might initiate acellular cementum formation.
The dentinoenamel junction or dentin-enamel junction (DEJ) [1] is the boundary between the enamel and the underlying dentin that form the solid architecture of a tooth. It is also known as the amelo - dentinal junction, [ 2 ] or ADJ.
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An enamel fracture is when the outermost layer of the tooth is cracked, without damaging the inner layers including the dentine or pulp. This can happen from trauma such as a fall where the teeth are impacted by a hard object causing a chip to occur. Enamel fracture of tooth 11 on the incisal, biting, surface