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Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (/ ˌ f aɪ b r oʊ d ɪ ˈ s p l eɪ ʒ (i) ə ɒ ˈ s ɪ f ɪ k æ n z p r ə ˈ ɡ r ɛ s ɪ v ə /; [1] abbr. FOP), also called Münchmeyer disease or formerly myositis ossificans progressiva, is an extremely rare connective tissue disease in which fibrous connective tissue such as muscle, tendons, and ligaments turn into bone tissue (ossification).
Osteogenesis imperfecta (IPA: / ˌ ɒ s t i oʊ ˈ dʒ ɛ n ə s ɪ s ˌ ɪ m p ɜːr ˈ f ɛ k t ə /; [4] OI), colloquially known as brittle bone disease, is a group of genetic disorders that all result in bones that break easily. [1]: 85 [9] The range of symptoms—on the skeleton as well as on the body's other organs—may be mild to severe.
Fibrous dysplasia is a very rare [2] nonhereditary genetic disorder where normal bone and marrow is replaced with fibrous tissue, resulting in formation of bone that is weak and prone to expansion. As a result, most complications result from fracture , deformity, functional impairment, pain, and the impingement of nerves. [ 3 ]
Osteolytic lesion at the bottom of the radius, diagnosed by a darker section that indicates a loss of bone density. An osteolytic lesion (from the Greek words for "bone" (ὀστέον), and "to unbind" (λύειν)) is a softened section of a patient's bone formed as a symptom of specific diseases, including breast cancer and multiple myeloma.
Osteitis fibrosa cystica (/ ˌ ɒ s t i ˈ aɪ t ɪ s f aɪ ˈ b r oʊ s ə ˈ s ɪ s t ɪ k ə / OSS-tee-EYE-tis fy-BROH-sə SIS-tik-ə) is a skeletal disorder resulting in a loss of bone mass, a weakening of the bones as their calcified supporting structures are replaced with fibrous tissue (peritrabecular fibrosis), and the formation of cyst-like brown tumors in and around the bone.
It is due to a defect in the RUNX2 gene which is involved in bone formation. [1] Diagnosis is suspected based on symptoms and X-rays with confirmation by genetic testing . [ 4 ] Other conditions that can produce similar symptoms include mandibuloacral dysplasia , pyknodysostosis , osteogenesis imperfecta , and Hajdu-Cheney syndrome .
Osteoporosis can affect nearly 1 in 3 women and the bone loss is the most rapid within the first 2–3 years after menopause. This can be prevented by menopause hormone therapy or MHT, which is meant to prevent bone loss and the degradation of the bone microarchitecture and is noted to reduce the risk of fractures in bones by 20-30%.
A pathologic fracture is a bone fracture caused by weakness of the bone structure that leads to decrease mechanical resistance to normal mechanical loads. [1] This process is most commonly due to osteoporosis, but may also be due to other pathologies such as cancer, infection (such as osteomyelitis), inherited bone disorders, or a bone cyst.