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Although the Parthians had defeated the Seleucids and protected their newly won territory of Babylonia, their grasp on the region remained fragile. Shortly after Mithridates defeated the Seleucids, he promptly returned east, where he fell seriously ill and, after six years of suffering from the illness, died in 132 BCE.
The Seleucid satrap of Parthia, named Andragoras, first claimed independence, in a parallel to the secession of his Bactrian neighbour. Soon after, however, a Parthian tribal chief called Arsaces invaded the Parthian territory around 238 BC to form the Arsacid dynasty, from which the Parthian Empire originated.
The Parthian, or Arsacid, monarchs were the rulers of Iran from their victories against the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire in the 140s BC (although they had ruled a smaller kingdom in the region of Parthia for roughly a century at that point, founded by Arsaces I) until the defeat of the last Parthian king, Artabanus IV, at the Battle of Hormozdgan in AD 224.
The Parthians presented themselves as heirs of the Achaemenids, though ruled a much more decentralized state. [60] Greek inscriptions were used on Parthian coins until the time of Vologases I (AD 51–78). [62] Early Parthian rulers used the name of their dynastic founder as a title.
The Seleucid era ("SE") or Anno Graecorum (literally "year of the Greeks" or "Greek year"), sometimes denoted "AG," was a system of numbering years in use by the Seleucid Empire and other countries among the ancient Hellenistic civilizations, and later by the Parthians. It is sometimes referred to as "the dominion of the Seleucidæ," or the ...
From the mid-second century BC, after its defeat at the hands of the resurgent Parthian Empire, the polity entered a state of instability with slow territorial losses and internecine civil wars. The Seleucids, now reduced to a rump state occupying a small part of Syria succumbed to the Rome 's annexation of their territory in 64 BC under Pompey ...
The Chinese called Parthia Ānxī (Chinese: 安 息, Old Chinese pronunciation: 'ansjək), perhaps after the Greek name for the Parthian city Antiochia in Margiana (Greek: Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐν τῇ Μαργιανῇ). [192] However, this could also have been a transliteration of "Arsaces", after the dynasty's eponymous founder. [193]
Name Date Family Relations Note 1 Vahbarz I: beg. of 3rd century BC ? leader of a revolution against Seleucids (?) 2 Baykard ? Fratarakā dynasty: 3 Baydād (bgdt) end of 3rd/ beg. of 2nd century BC Fratarakā dynasty - son of Baykard sub-Seleucid 4 Ardaxšīr I (rtḥštry) 1st half of 2nd century Fratarakā dynasty sub-Seleucid 5