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The loop has also been divided into limbic, associative, oculomotor, and motor circuits [4] to explain the role of dopamine in the basal ganglia on motivational states. [10] A five loop division based on primary cortical targets has been described as follows: [11]
The basal ganglia is a collective group of structures in the brain. These include the striatum, (composed of the putamen and caudate nucleus), globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and the subthalamic nucleus. Along with other structures, the basal ganglia are part of a neural circuit that is integral to voluntary motor function. [1]
The basal ganglia (BG) or basal nuclei are a group of subcortical nuclei found in the brains of vertebrates. In humans and other primates , differences exist, primarily in the division of the globus pallidus into external and internal regions, and in the division of the striatum .
Cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop [ edit ] The dopaminergic pathways that project from the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) into the striatum (i.e., the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic pathways, respectively) form one component of a sequence of pathways known as the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo ...
GLUT1 deficiency syndrome: E74.810 Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (with hyperactivity) 314.01 F90 Tic disorders (involuntary, compulsive, repetitive, stereotyped) F95 Tourette's syndrome: F95.2 Stereotypic movement disorder: F98.5 Huntington's disease (Huntington's chorea) 333.4 G10 Dystonia: G24 Drug induced dystonia: G24.0
The “limbic loop” is very similar to the direct pathway motor loop of the basal ganglia. In both systems, there are major excitatory inputs from the cortex to the striatum (accumbens nucleus), the midbrain projects neuromodulatory dopamine neurons to the striatum, the striatum makes internuclear connections to the pallidum, and the pallidum ...
The limbic loop is a functional pathway of the basal ganglia, in which the ventral pallidum is involved. It (and the internal globus pallidus and substantia nigra pars reticulata) receives input from the temporal lobes, and the hippocampus via the ventral striatum.
The striatum (pl.: striata) or corpus striatum [5] is a cluster of interconnected nuclei that make up the largest structure of the subcortical basal ganglia. [6] The striatum is a critical component of the motor and reward systems; receives glutamatergic and dopaminergic inputs from different sources; and serves as the primary input to the rest of the basal ganglia.