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The delay time of an analog delay line may be only a few nanoseconds or several milliseconds, limited by the practical size of the physical medium used to delay the signal and the propagation speed of impulses in the medium. Analog delay lines are applied in many types of signal processing circuits; for example the PAL television standard uses ...
The first example gives the circuit for a 6th order maximally flat delay. Circuit values for z a and z b for a normalized lattice (with z b the dual of z a) were given earlier. However, in this example the alternative version of z b is used, so that an unbalanced alternative can be easily produced. The circuit is
A digital delay line (or simply delay line, also called delay filter) is a discrete element in a digital filter, which allows a signal to be delayed by a number of samples. Delay lines are commonly used to delay audio signals feeding loudspeakers to compensate for the speed of sound in air, and to align video signals with accompanying audio ...
2.8 GHz superconducting bridged T delay equaliser in YBCO on lanthanum aluminate substrate. Losses in the circuit cause the maximum delay to be reduced, a problem that can be ameliorated with the use of high-temperature superconductors. Such a circuit has been realised as a lumped-element planar implementation in thin-film using microstrip ...
The expression for attenuation constant of the right hand lattice has P 0 = F 0, Q 0 = 1 and P 4 = F 0.Q 4, so data was needed to solve for P 0, P 2, Q 2 and Q 4. The data used was: at f 0 = 0 Hz, A 1 = 0.796 neper; at f 1 = 3000 Hz, A 1 = 0.747 neper; at f 2 = 4000 Hz, A 2 = 0.530 neper; at f 3 = 4500 Hz, A 3 = 0.300 neper.
So Z 1 can be realized as an R-C ladder network, in the Cauer manner, [21] and is shown as part of the bridged-T circuit below. Z 2 is the dual of Z 1, and so is an R-L circuit, as shown. The equivalent lattice circuit is shown on the right–hand side.
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Elmore delay [5] is a simple approximation, often used where speed of calculation is important but the delay through the wire itself cannot be ignored. It uses the R and C values of the wire segments in a simple calculation. The delay of each wire segment is the R of that segment times the downstream C. Then all delays are summed from the root.