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The music of Cuba, including its instruments, performance, and dance, comprises a large set of unique traditions influenced mostly by west African and European (especially Spanish) music. [1] Due to the syncretic nature of most of its genres, Cuban music is often considered one of the richest and most influential regional music in the world.
Religious traditions of African origin have survived in Cuba, and are the basis of ritual music, song and dance quite distinct from the secular music and dance. The religion of Yoruban origin is known as Lucumí or Regla de Ocha ; the religion of Congolese origin is known as Palo , as in palos del monte . [ 11 ]
The clave pattern originated in sub-Saharan African music traditions, where it serves essentially the same function as it does in Cuba. [ citation needed ] In ethnomusicology , clave is also known as a key pattern , [ 3 ] [ 4 ] guide pattern , [ 5 ] phrasing referent , [ 6 ] timeline , [ 7 ] or asymmetrical timeline . [ 8 ]
Tresillo is the most fundamental duple-pulse rhythmic cell in Cuban and other Latin American music. It was introduced in the New World through the Atlantic slave trade during the Colonial period. The pattern is also the most fundamental and most prevalent duple-pulse rhythmic cell in Sub-Saharan African music traditions.
Sub-Saharan African music is characterised by a "strong rhythmic interest" [1] that exhibits common characteristics in all regions of this vast territory, so that Arthur Morris Jones (1889–1980) has described the many local approaches as constituting one main system. [2] C. K. Ladzekpo also affirms the profound homogeneity of approach. [3]
A marímbula, the "bass" instrument used by changüí ensembles. Some groups used the more rudimentary jug known as botija or botijuela.. Although the history of Cuban music dates back to the 16th century, the son is a relatively recent musical invention whose precursors emerged in the mid-to-late 19th century.
The most basic single-celled pattern in duple-pulse structure consists of three strokes, known in Cuban music as tresillo. The "tresillo" [37] [38] (Cuban term) is the most basic single-celled figure in duple-pulse structure. Play ⓘ The five-stroke "cinquillo" (Cuban term) is a common single-celled variant (two additional strokes).
Music scholars, journalists, audiences, record industry individuals, politicians, nationalists and demagogues may often have occasion to address which fields of folk music are distinct traditions based along racial, geographic, linguistic, religious, tribal or ethnic lines, and all such peoples will likely use different criteria to decide what ...