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Serum ferritin testing is a low-cost, readily available, and minimally invasive method for assessing body iron stores. However ferritin levels may be elevated due to a variety of other causes including obesity, infection, inflammation (as an acute phase protein ), chronic alcohol intake, liver disease, kidney disease, and cancer.
The World Health Organization defines low ferritin in adults as below 15 nanograms per milliliter, but in clinical practice, iron deficiency may be diagnosed when ferritin is below 30 nanograms ...
The symptoms of type 4B hemochromatosis tend to be more severe. They resemble the symptoms of hemochromatosis types 1, 2, and 3. Plasma iron concentration is elevated, and symptoms include joint pain, diabetes, and arrhythmia. Liver iron deposition tends to be greater in type 4B than in type 4A. [5]
Phlebotomy (or bloodletting) is usually done at a weekly or each two weeks interval until ferritin levels are 50 μg/L or less. To prevent iron reaccumulation, subsequent phlebotomies are normally carried out about once every three to four months for males, and twice a year for females to keep the serum ferritin between 50 and 100 ug/L [67]
Some studies suggest that women with fatigue and ferritin below 50 ng/mL see reduced fatigue after iron supplementation. [ 32 ] [ 33 ] In the setting of anemia, low serum ferritin is the most specific lab finding for iron-deficiency anemia . [ 34 ]
“Some people may eat a diet that has actually very little iron to be available for the body to absorb, and that can cause iron deficiency over long periods of time,” says Cunningham.
The typical constellation of findings is indicative: The patients show a postprandial non-responsive and too low and static transferrin level (hypotransferrinemia) with high transferrin saturation (usually > 55 %) and low ferritin value. Multiple tests are obligatory due to physiologically induced fluctuations.
A recent study finds that 40% of young women and girls are deficient in iron, but their symptoms are often dismissed by some doctors.
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