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Fraxinus excelsior, known as the ash, or European ash or common ash to distinguish it from other types of ash, is a flowering plant species in the olive family Oleaceae. It is native throughout mainland Europe [ 2 ] east to the Caucasus and Alborz mountains, and west to Great Britain and Ireland , the latter determining its western boundary.
European ash in flower Narrow-leafed ash (Fraxinus angustifolia) shoot with leaves. Fraxinus (/ ˈ f r æ k s ɪ n ə s /), commonly called ash, is a genus of plants in the olive and lilac family, Oleaceae, [4] and comprises 45–65 species of usually medium-to-large trees, most of which are deciduous trees, although some subtropical species are evergreen trees.
In order to reduce the potential harms of the sawtooth oak, researchers and scientists are advising to remove tree saplings and remove the plant species altogether from reclamation species lists. Due to their preference for well-drained acid soils, Quercus acutissima is able to thrive and survive in various harsh locations. [6]
Quercus coccinea, the scarlet oak, is a deciduous tree in the red oak section Lobatae of the genus Quercus, in the family Fagaceae. It is primarily distributed in the central and eastern United States. It occurs on dry, sandy, usually acidic soil. It is often an important canopy species in oak–heath forests.
Oregon ash is intolerant of shade, and may eventually be replaced by more competitive trees such as bigleaf maples or conifers that block the light with their leaves or sheer size. This tree flourishes when its habitat become opened due to floods, blowdowns, or other disturbances. Oregon ash sprouts vigorously from cut stumps or fire-killed trees.
Example: Hazel-ash coppice with hazel cut at 7 years and ash in the same area cut at 21 years (every third cut, all stools in the cant are cut). But note that under coppice with standards (for instance oak standards over hazel) the oak was cut under a much longer cycle. With hazel-ash under oak standards you now have 3 cycles superimposed.
Pumpkin ash is a member of the olive family and is placed in section Melioides of the genus Fraxinus. [7]Historically, it was frequently called Fraxinus tomentosa Michx., but since Michaux used this name interchangeably with the species now known as green ash (F. pennsylvanica), the name Fraxinus profunda, which was applied by Benjamin Franklin Bush in 1901, was given precedence.
Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. angustifolia has become a weed in many parts of Australia, where it is known as Desert Ash. It has been widely planted as a street and park tree, and has spread to native bushland and grasslands, as well as stream banks and drainage lines, out-competing native plants for moisture, light and nutrients.