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Overview of signal transduction pathways involved in apoptosis. Cell death is the event of a biological cell ceasing to carry out its functions. This may be the result of the natural process of old cells dying and being replaced by new ones, as in programmed cell death, or may result from factors such as diseases, localized injury, or the death of the organism of which the cells are part.
Programmed cell death (PCD; sometimes referred to as cellular suicide [1]) is the death of a cell as a result of events inside of a cell, such as apoptosis or autophagy. [2] [3] PCD is carried out in a biological process, which usually confers advantage during an organism's lifecycle.
John Foxton Ross Kerr AO (24 January 1934 – 4 June 2024) was an Australian pathologist.He was the first to describe the ultrastructural changes in apoptosis, and could show that they differ significantly from the changes that occur in necrosis, another form of cell death.
Cell growth plays a crucial role in cell proliferation, regulating cellular homeostasis and cell cycle progression through dynamic changes in cell size. [1] And like DNA damage, it can promote senescence by triggering a prolonged cell cycle arrest. [5]
The list of human cell types provides an enumeration and description of the various specialized cells found within the human body, highlighting their distinct functions, characteristics, and contributions to overall physiological processes.
Cellular waste products are formed as a by-product of cellular respiration, a series of processes and reactions that generate energy for the cell, in the form of ATP.One example of cellular respiration creating cellular waste products are aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life.Every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane; many cells contain organelles, each with a specific function.
The Human Cell Atlas is a global project to describe all cell types in the human body. [1] The initiative was announced by a consortium after its inaugural meeting in London in October 2016, which established the first phase of the project.