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The follicular phase, also known as the preovulatory phase or proliferative phase, [1] is the phase of the estrous cycle (or, in primates [2] for example, the menstrual cycle) during which follicles in the ovary mature from primary follicle to a fully mature Graafian follicle.
Note: Many sources misrepresent the pace of follicle growth, some even suggesting that it takes only fourteen days for a primordial follicle to become preovulatory. Actually, the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle means the time between selection of a tertiary follicle and its subsequent growth into a preovulatory follicle.
The follicular phase (or proliferative phase) is the phase of the menstrual cycle during which the ovarian follicles mature. The follicular phase lasts from the beginning of menstruation to the start of ovulation. [12] [13] For ovulation to be successful, the ovum must be supported by the corona radiata and cumulus oophorous granulosa cells. [14]
Menstrual cycle The menstrual cycle is a series of natural changes in hormone production and the structures of the uterus and ovaries of the female reproductive system that makes pregnancy possible. The ovarian cycle controls the production and release of eggs and the cyclic release of estrogen and progesterone. The uterine cycle governs the preparation and maintenance of the lining of the ...
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In the primordial ovarian follicle, and later in follicle development (folliculogenesis), granulosa cells advance to form a multilayered cumulus oophorus surrounding the oocyte in the preovulatory or antral (or Graafian) follicle.
Ischemic phase: beginning of the menstrual phase from 27 to 28 days Regressive or desquamative phase from 1 to 5 days, the spiral-shaped arteries undergo ischemia, and the functional layer detaches; If, instead, there is fertilization, the uterine mucosa is modified to accommodate the fertilized egg, and the secretive phase is maintained.
It is commonly known that monthly surge of preovulatory LH from the pituitary gland promotes meiotic resumption. First, LH signaling dephosphorylates and inactivates NPR2 guanylyl cyclase. This results in a rapid decrease in cGMP levels in the granulosa cells and the oocytes through the gap junctions.