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Manchukuo was a pro-Japanese buffer state between the Empire of Japan, the Soviet Union, and the Republic of China during World War II. Thailand, historically known as Siam, was an independent buffer state between the British Raj, British Malaya, French Indochina, and their competing colonial interests in Laos and Cambodia. [13] [14]
Thailand is the only Southeast Asian state never to have been colonised by a Western power, [90] in part because Britain and France agreed in 1896 to make the Chao Phraya valley a buffer state. [91] Not until the 20th century could Siam renegotiate every unequal treaty dating from the Bowring Treaty, including extraterritoriality.
Wat Arun. The Tai or Thai ethnic group migrated into mainland Southeast Asia over a period of centuries. The word Siam (Thai: สยาม RTGS: Sayam) may have originated from Pali (suvaṇṇabhūmi, "land of gold"), Sanskrit श्याम (śyāma, "dark"), or Mon ရာမည (rhmañña, "stranger"), with likely the same root as Shan and Ahom.
Map of the history of Thailand's boundary, 1940, showing claimed lost territories.Versions of the map were widely distributed to advance the Pan-Thaiist ideology. Pan-Thaiism (otherwise known as Pan-Taiism, the pan-Thai movement, etc.) is an ideology that flourished in Thailand during the 1930s and 1940s.
[2] [3] In 1896 Britain (based in Burma) and France agreed to leave Siam (the then name for Thailand) as a buffer state between their respective colonies. [2] However France continued to expand at the expense of Siam, annexing northern Cambodia in 1904 and then Battambang, Sisophon and Siam Nakhon/Siem Reap in 1907, whilst ceding Trat to Siam ...
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On 22 September 1917, Siam declared war on the German and Austro-Hungarian empires.Immediately, 320 German and Austro-Hungarian nationals were put under guard, with 193 non-diplomatic males being peacefully interned in a prisoner-of-war camp in Bangkok. 124 German women and children, including the Thai wives and children of German men, were interned at the German Club.
Siam (now Thailand) – was the only independent state in Southeast Asia, but had Britain sphere of influence in the north and south and France in the Northeast and East which were merely brief proposals that amounted to nothing, much like the planned partition of the Qing and Ottoman Empires.