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Physical properties; Phase at ... In compounds, fluorine almost exclusively assumes an oxidation state of −1. Fluorine in F 2 is defined to have oxidation state 0.
The solid state of fluorine relies on Van der Waals forces to hold molecules together, [citation needed] which, because of the small size of the fluorine molecules, are relatively weak. Consequently, the solid state of fluorine is more similar to that of oxygen [6] [7] or the noble gases than to those of the heavier halogens. [citation needed]
Fluorine as straight (a) or bent (b) bridging ligands [1]. Fluorine forms a great variety of chemical compounds, within which it always adopts an oxidation state of −1. With other atoms, fluorine forms either polar covalent bonds or ionic bonds.
Fluorine (9 F) has 19 known isotopes ranging from 13 F to 31 F and two isomers (18m F and 26m F). Only fluorine-19 is stable and naturally occurring in more than trace quantities; therefore, fluorine is a monoisotopic and mononuclidic element. The longest-lived radioisotope is 18 F; it has a half-life of 109.734(8) min. All other fluorine ...
In this approach, HF is oxidized in the presence of a hydrocarbon and the fluorine replaces C–H bonds with C–F bonds. Perfluorinated carboxylic acids and sulfonic acids are produced in this way. [15] 1,1-Difluoroethane is produced by adding HF to acetylene using mercury as a catalyst. [15] HC≡CH + 2 HF → CH 3 CHF 2
Fluorine has only a single naturally occurring stable isotope, so isotopologues of UF 6 differ in their molecular weight based solely on the uranium isotope present. [14] This difference is the basis for the physical separation of isotopes in enrichment. All the other uranium fluorides are nonvolatile solids that are coordination polymers.
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Uranium oxides react with fluorine to form gaseous uranium hexafluoride, most of the plutonium reacts to form gaseous plutonium hexafluoride, a majority of fission products (especially electropositive elements: lanthanides, strontium, barium, yttrium, caesium) form nonvolatile fluorides.