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In mathematics and statistics, deviation serves as a measure to quantify the disparity between an observed value of a variable and another designated value, frequently the mean of that variable. Deviations with respect to the sample mean and the population mean (or " true value ") are called errors and residuals , respectively.
The mean and the standard deviation of a set of data are descriptive statistics usually reported together. In a certain sense, the standard deviation is a "natural" measure of statistical dispersion if the center of the data is measured about the mean. This is because the standard deviation from the mean is smaller than from any other point.
Standard deviation, which is based on the square of the difference; Absolute deviation, where the absolute value of the difference is used; Relative standard deviation, in probability theory and statistics is the absolute value of the coefficient of variation; Deviation of a local ring in mathematics; Deviation of a poset in mathematics
The standard deviation is more amenable to algebraic manipulation than the expected absolute deviation, and, together with variance and its generalization covariance, is used frequently in theoretical statistics; however the expected absolute deviation tends to be more robust as it is less sensitive to outliers arising from measurement ...
The median absolute deviation (also MAD) is the median of the absolute deviation from the median. It is a robust estimator of dispersion . For the example {2, 2, 3, 4, 14}: 3 is the median, so the absolute deviations from the median are {1, 1, 0, 1, 11} (reordered as {0, 1, 1, 1, 11}) with a median of 1, in this case unaffected by the value of ...
In statistics, deviance is a goodness-of-fit statistic for a statistical model; it is often used for statistical hypothesis testing.It is a generalization of the idea of using the sum of squares of residuals (SSR) in ordinary least squares to cases where model-fitting is achieved by maximum likelihood.
In this context, there are several choices for a measure of variability: the range, the interquartile range, the mean absolute deviation, and the median absolute deviation. For practical purposes, different measures of location and dispersion are often compared on the basis of how well the corresponding population values can be estimated from a ...
Normalizing moments, using the standard deviation as a measure of scale. Coefficient of variation: Normalizing dispersion, using the mean as a measure of scale, particularly for positive distribution such as the exponential distribution and Poisson distribution.