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Other differences are not universal for all mosses and all liverworts; [8] but the lack of clearly differentiated stem and leaves in thallose species, or in leafy species the presence of deeply lobed or segmented leaves and the presence of leaves arranged in three ranks, [10] [11] as well as frequent dichotomous branching, all point to the ...
An example of moss (Bryophyta) on the forest floor in Broken Bow, Oklahoma. Bryophytes (/ ˈ b r aɪ. ə ˌ f aɪ t s /) [2] are a group of land plants (embryophytes), sometimes treated as a taxonomic division, that contains three groups of non-vascular land plants: the liverworts, hornworts, and mosses (Bryophyta sensu lato). [3]
In cool, humid, cloudy climates, all sides of tree trunks and rocks may be equally moist enough for moss growth. Each species of moss requires certain amounts of moisture and sunlight and thus will grow on certain sections of the same tree or rock. Some mosses grow underwater, or completely waterlogged. Many prefer well-drained locations.
Some liverworts, such as Marchantia, have a cuticle, and the sporophytes of mosses have both cuticles and stomata, which were important in the evolution of land plants. [ 3 ] All land plants have a life cycle with an alternation of generations between a diploid sporophyte and a haploid gametophyte , but in all non-vascular land plants, the ...
The Setaphyta are a clade within the Bryophyta which includes Marchantiophytina (liverworts) and Bryophytina (mosses). Anthocerotophytina (hornworts) are excluded. [1] [2] A 2018 study found through molecular sequencing that liverworts are more closely related to mosses than hornworts, with the implication that liverworts were not among the first species to colonize land.
Bryology (from Greek bryon, a moss, a liverwort) is the branch of botany concerned with the scientific study of bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, and hornworts). Bryologists are people who have an active interest in observing, recording, classifying or researching bryophytes. [1]
Protonemata are characteristic of all mosses, are present in some liverworts under certain conditions [2] but are absent from hornworts. [ citation needed ] The protonemata are composed of two cell types: chloronemata , which form upon germination of the spore, and caulonemata , which later differentiate from chloronemata under the influence of ...
In the polyplastidic species, and also some of the monoplastidic species, a cellular structure called a pyrenoid is absent. [3] [4] The pyrenoid is a liquid-like organelle which enables a more efficient photosynthesis, [5] has evolved independently five to six times in hornworts and is present in half of the roughly 200 species. [6]