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Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir has been evaluated in the treatment of COVID‑19 in standard-risk individuals in the EPIC-SR trial. [53] [55] This study did not achieve its primary goal of reducing time to sustained alleviation of COVID‑19 symptoms (treatment: 13 days (95% CI 12–15 days); placebo: 13 days (95% CI 11–14 days)).
Individuals may experience distress from quarantine, travel restrictions, side effects of treatment, or fear of the infection itself. To address these concerns, the National Health Commission of China published a national guideline for psychological crisis intervention on 27 January 2020.
Inhaled short-acting β2-adrenergic agonists, such as terbutaline and salbutamol, are the first-line drugs indicated for asthma exacerbation for all patients to provide rapid bronchodilating effects. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Short-acting β2-adrenergic agonists can be delivered by different devices, for example, nebulizers and metered-dose inhalers .
[2] [3] [4] It is used in the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). [4] It is used by inhaling the medication into the lungs. [4] Common side effects include thrush, headache, and cough. [5] Serious side effects may include worsening asthma, anaphylaxis, seizures, and heart problems. [5]
More severe effects, such as pulmonary edema, myocardial ischemia, and cardiac arrhythmia, are exceptional.) [6] [7] [1] Overuse of β 2 agonists and asthma treatment without proper inhaled corticosteroid use has been associated with an increased risk of asthma exacerbations and asthma-related hospitalizations. [8]
LABAs are designed to reduce the need for shorter-acting β 2 agonists such as salbutamol (albuterol), as they have an approximately twelve-hour duration of action, compared to about five hours for salbutamol, making them candidates for sparing high doses of corticosteroids [citation needed] or treating nocturnal asthma and providing ...
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Zafirlukast is FDA-approved for the prevention and treatment of asthma in adults and children older than 5 years old. [1] Like other leukotriene receptor antagonists, zafirlukast is thought to be useful for the long-term treatment of asthma, but it is generally less effective than inhaled glucocorticoids as monotherapy (which are the standard of care) or long-acting beta-2 agonists in ...