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2. Aortic valve replacement - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_valve_replacement

   Tissue heart valves are usually made from animal tissue (heterografts) mounted on a metal or polymer support. [14] Bovine (cow) tissue is most commonly used, but some are made from porcine (pig) tissue. [15] The tissue is treated to prevent rejection and calcification (where calcium builds up on the replacement valve and stops it working ...

3. How a Surprising Diagnosis from My Cardiologist Led to Open ...

   www.aol.com/surprising-diagnosis-cardiologist...

   Heart surgery for mitral valves is somewhat common and safe. However, my cardiologist noted that the operation is still open-heart surgery, and you don’t want to do that until it’s necessary.

4. Cardiac surgery - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_surgery

   Cardiac surgery, or cardiovascular surgery, is a surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons.It is often used to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, with coronary artery bypass grafting); to correct congenital heart disease; or to treat valvular heart disease from various causes, including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, [1] and ...

5. Aortic valvuloplasty - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_valvuloplasty

   Guidelines and indications are specific to different patient populations. For adults with aortic stenosis, guidelines suggest that balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) is to be used as a temporary procedure to improve blood flow through the aortic valve to alleviate symptoms and stabilize clinically before having more invasive procedures done, including aortic valve replacement (AVR) or ...

6. Valve replacement - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valve_replacement

   A metal stent containing a valve is then deployed using a balloon to press the stent into the valve in effect opening the stenosed (or narrowed) valve and lodging the stent in place. The procedure was first approved in the United States in November 2011 [1] as an alternative for people deemed a poor candidate for open approach replacement ...

7. Artificial heart valve - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_heart_valve

   The repairing process of the artificial heart valve regurgitation and stenosis usually requires an open-heart surgery, and a repair or partial replacement of regurgitant valves is usually preferred. [24] Researchers are investigating catheter-based surgery that allows repair of an artificial heart valve without large incisions. [33]