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The BRAIN Initiative reflects a number of influences, stemming back over a decade. Some of these include: planning meetings at the National Institutes of Health that led to the NIH's Blueprint for Neuroscience Research; [9] workshops at the National Science Foundation (NSF) on cognition, neuroscience, and convergent science, including a 2006 report on "Grand Challenges of Mind and Brain"; [10 ...
January – Edward, the Black Prince, gives up the administration of Aquitaine and returns to England, because of his poor health and heavy debts. February 17 – Rival brothers Ivan Sratsimir and Ivan Shishman become co-Emperors of Bulgaria after the death of their father, Ivan Alexander. Bulgaria is weakened by the split.
During this pre-WWII era, there are three big trends that operate separately, but sometimes affect each other in development and outcomes. First, a trend of urbanization (fueled by the Industrial Revolution) as well as greater global trade and migration leads to new challenges, including those in urban sanitation and infectious diseases/pandemics.
This happened along with an executive order to freeze foreign aid, impacting global health programs including PEPFAR. [ 19 ] Subsequently, the U.S. State Department announced a comprehensive freeze on new funding for most foreign aid programs worldwide, excluding emergency food aid and military assistance to Israel and Egypt. [ 20 ]
The World Health Professions Alliance is an international organization which represents more than 31 million health care professionals worldwide. [1] The Alliance unites dentistry, medicine, nursing, physical therapy and pharmacy through their representative international organizations, the International Council of Nurses (ICN), [2] the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), [3] World ...
According to the Foundation Center, Bloomberg Philanthropies was the 10th largest foundation in the United States in 2015, the last year for which data was available. [3] Bloomberg has pledged to donate the majority of his wealth, currently estimated at more than $54 billion. [4] [5] Patti Harris is the CEO of Bloomberg Philanthropies. [6]
The Black Death ravaged much of the Islamic world. [55] Plague was present in at least one location in the Islamic world virtually every year between 1500 and 1850. [56] Plague repeatedly struck the cities of North Africa. Algiers lost 30,000–50,000 to it in 1620–1621, and again in 1654–1657, 1665, 1691, and 1740–1742. [57]
The establishment of the World Health Organization occurred on 7 April 1948, when its new constitution was ratified by a twenty-sixth nation. Its establishment followed a period of discussions and consultation following World War II and the formation of the United Nations, of which it formed part. The WHO formally began its work in September 1 ...