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Liquid armor is a material under research by defense institutions and universities around the world including the United States Army Research Laboratory (ARL). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Some of the earliest research in this area was performed at Massachusetts Institute of Technology [ 4 ] and University of Delaware [ 5 ] in 2003.
"Shear Thickening Fluid (STF) Fabric: Publications". Archived from the original on 2006-09-17. "Liquid Body Armor - Rheologists Apply Shear-Thickening Fluids to Protective Gear". Archived from the original on 2007-01-06. Army Science: Robots, Liquid Armor and Virtual Reality; Almond, Peter (19 July 2024). "Troops to test liquid armour". The ...
The random nature of fragmentation required the military vest specification to trade off mass vs. ballistic-benefit. Hard vehicle armor is capable of stopping all fragments, but military personnel can only carry a limited amount of gear and equipment, so the weight of the vest is a limiting factor in vest fragment protection.
MIL-DTL-46100E specifies a steel of identical hardness. [3] MIL-DTL-32332 specifies ultra-hard steel, with Brinell hardness in excess of 570. [3] A Chinese publication lists 30MnCrNiMo "685" steel as the material used in Chinese rolled armor plates, with a Brinell Hardness of HBW 444-514 (thin) / 429-495 (thick).
Liquid armor - The fabric might also be treated with shear thickening fluid, a mix of polyethylene glycol and nanoscale glass particles. This mix would function like chainmail , flexible with low speed motion such as running, but hard and solid against high speed motion such as that of a bullet impact, preventing serious injury or death.
For example, the T-64 turret had a layer of ceramic balls and aluminum sandwiched between layers of cast steel armour, [10] whilst some models of the T-72 features a glass filler called "Kvartz". The tank glacis was often a sandwich of steel and some low density filler, either textolite (a fibreglass reinforced polymer) or ceramic plates. [11]
Weapons using the SEFOP principle have already been used in combat; the smart submunitions in the CBU-97 cluster bomb used by the US Air Force and US Navy in the 2003 Iraq war used this principle, and the US Army is reportedly experimenting with precision-guided artillery shells under Project SADARM (Seek And Destroy Armor). There are also ...
Formation of an EFP warhead. USAF Research Laboratory.. An explosively formed penetrator (EFP), also known as an explosively formed projectile, a self-forging warhead, or a self-forging fragment, is a special type of shaped charge designed to penetrate armor effectively, from a much greater standoff range than standard shaped charges, which are more limited by standoff distance.