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Calcitonin is a 32 amino acid peptide hormone secreted by parafollicular cells (also known as C cells) of the thyroid (or endostyle) in humans and other chordates [5] in the ultimopharyngeal body. [6] It acts to reduce blood calcium (Ca 2+), opposing the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH). [7]
Zavegepant is a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist. [1] It is sprayed into the nose. [1] It is sold by Pfizer. [1] The most common adverse reactions include taste disorders, nausea, nasal discomfort, and vomiting. [1] Zavegepant was approved for medical use in the United States in March 2023. [1] [2] [3] [4]
Salmon calcitonin (sCT) [1] is the type of calcitonin hormone found in salmon. [ 2 ] Similar to humans, salmon calcitonin is a peptide hormone produced in the ultimobranchial region by parafollicular cells in response to hypercalcemia and lowers blood calcium and phosphate by promoting renal excretion.
Additionally, there is question of the overall efficacy of calcitonin-containing nasal sprays. A phase III trial found no difference between placebo and nasal calcitonin sprays on lumbar bone mineral density in osteoporosis. [34] It did find a significant increase in bone mineral density with oral calcitonin.
Decongestant nasal sprays are advised for short-term use only, preferably 5 to 7 days at maximum. Some doctors advise to use them 3 days at maximum. A recent clinical trial has shown that a corticosteroid nasal spray may be useful in reversing this condition. [3] Topical nasal decongestants include: Oxymetazoline; Phenylephrine; Xylometazoline
A medical professional applies nose drops. Nasal administration, popularly known as snorting, is a route of administration in which drugs are insufflated through the nose.It can be a form of either topical administration or systemic administration, as the drugs thus locally delivered can go on to have either purely local or systemic effects.
It is used as eye drops or as a nasal spray. [2] The eye drops generally result in an improvement within half an hour. [2] Common side effects include headache, sore throat, eye discomfort, or changes in perception of taste. [3] [2] More significant side effects may include sleepiness. [2] It is unclear if use during pregnancy or breastfeeding ...
Xylometazoline, also spelled xylomethazoline, is a medication used to reduce symptoms of nasal congestion, allergic rhinitis, and sinusitis. [2] It is used directly in the nose as a spray or drops. [3] Side effects include trouble sleeping, irritation of the nose, nausea, nosebleed (3%), period pain (10%) and headache (3%).
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