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The median of a finite list of numbers is the "middle" number, when those numbers are listed in order from smallest to greatest. If the data set has an odd number of observations, the middle one is selected (after arranging in ascending order). For example, the following list of seven numbers, 1, 3, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9
Firstly, computing median of an odd list is faster and simpler; while one could use an even list, this requires taking the average of the two middle elements, which is slower than simply selecting the single exact middle element. Secondly, five is the smallest odd number such that median of medians works.
When is an odd number, the median of the collection is obtained by setting = (+) /. When n {\displaystyle n} is even, there are two choices for the median, obtained by rounding this choice of k {\displaystyle k} down or up, respectively: the lower median with k = n / 2 {\displaystyle k=n/2} and the upper median with k = n / 2 + 1 {\displaystyle ...
The sample median may or may not be an order statistic, since there is a single middle value only when the number n of observations is odd. More precisely, if n = 2 m +1 for some integer m , then the sample median is X ( m + 1 ) {\displaystyle X_{(m+1)}} and so is an order statistic.
Each quartile is a median [8] calculated as follows. Given an even 2n or odd 2n+1 number of values first quartile Q 1 = median of the n smallest values third quartile Q 3 = median of the n largest values [8] The second quartile Q 2 is the same as the ordinary median. [8]
The five-number summary gives information about the location (from the median), spread (from the quartiles) and range (from the sample minimum and maximum) of the observations. Since it reports order statistics (rather than, say, the mean) the five-number summary is appropriate for ordinal measurements , as well as interval and ratio measurements.
This is done by replacing the absolute differences in one dimension by Euclidean distances of the data points to the geometric median in n dimensions. [5] This gives the identical result as the univariate MAD in one dimension and generalizes to any number of dimensions. MADGM needs the geometric median to be found, which is done by an iterative ...
The table shows an example of an election given by the Marquis de Condorcet, who concluded it showed a problem with the Borda count. [11]: 90 The Condorcet winner on the left is A, who is preferred to B by 41:40 and to C by 60:21. The Borda winner is instead B.