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A French study reports that this syndrome accounts for 1.9% of the population of strabismic patients, 53.5% of patients are female, is unilateral in 78% of cases, and the left eye (71.9%) is affected more frequently than the right. [15] Around 10–20% of cases are familial; these are more likely to be bilateral than non-familial Duane syndrome ...
If a great difference in clarity occurs between the images from the right and left eyes, input may be insufficient to correctly reposition the eyes. Other causes of a visual difference between right and left eyes, such as asymmetrical cataracts, refractive error, or other eye disease, can also cause or worsen strabismus. [27] [page needed]
This is an alphabetically sorted list of all mental disorders in the DSM-IV and DSM-IV-TR, along with their ICD-9-CM codes, where applicable. The DSM-IV-TR is a text revision of the DSM-IV. [ 1 ] While no new disorders were added in this version, 11 subtypes were added and 8 were removed.
Heterophoria occurs only during dissociation of the left eye and right eye, when fusion of the eyes is absent. If you cover one eye (e.g., with your hand) you remove the sensory information about the eye's position in the orbit.
The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) refers to the diagnosis as "Other dissociative and conversion disorders". [1] Under the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) , it is known as " Other specified dissociative disorder " ( OSDD ).
The causes of exotropia are not fully understood. Six muscles control eye movement, four that move the eye up and down and two that move it left and right. All these muscles must be coordinated and working properly for the brain to see a single image. When one or more of these muscles does not work properly, some form of strabismus may occur.
Paraphilias are sexual interests in objects, situations, or individuals that are atypical. The American Psychiatric Association, in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition (DSM), draws a distinction between paraphilias (which it describes as atypical sexual interests) and paraphilic disorders (which additionally require the experience of distress, impairment in functioning, and/or ...
The management of strabismus may include the use of drugs or surgery to correct the strabismus. Agents used include paralytic agents such as botox used on extraocular muscles , [ 1 ] topical autonomic nervous system agents to alter the refractive index in the eyes, and agents that act in the central nervous system to correct amblyopia.