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Most people in Nigeria do not have access to clean water, especially in the rural areas. [10] The global water sanitation and hygiene statistics shows that 79 per cent of Nigerians go through the challenge of water scarcity. [11] In 2015, around 60 million people lacked access to "at least basic" water.
According to a projection by the United Nations, by 2040, there can be about 4.5 billion people affected by a water crisis (or water scarcity). Additionally, with the increase in population, there will be a demand for food, and for the food output to match the population growth, there would be an increased demand for water to irrigate crops. [45]
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It was one of the worst droughts in Africa’s history, affecting about 100 million people and killing about 250,000 people. [29] The drought of 1972 and 1973 was attributed to the death of 13% of animals in the north-eastern Nigeria and an annual agricultural yield loss of more than 50%.
The 2012 Nigeria floods began in early July 2012. It killed 363 people and displaced over 2.1 million people as of 5 November 2012. According to the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), 30 of Nigeria's 36 states were affected by the floods and the two most affected areas were Kogi and Benue States. [3]
The main causes of water scarcity in Africa are physical and economic water scarcity, rapid population growth, and the effects of climate change on the water cycle. Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand . [ 1 ]
Drought has also led to deadly land grabs. In the past few years there have been a growing number of skirmishes between farmers and cattle herders searching for pasture and water. [15] The significant impact of drought in Northern Nigeria has been evident over the past years, affecting crops and farmers' produce in the region.
With increased sedimentation in waterways, water quality is reduced and reservoirs are more likely to need treatment at water utilities. Mammals, birds, and plants are predominately affected by the erosion crisis. Inaccessible roads. Unfavorable catchment shape. Human impact; Impact of gully erosion on roads, along 9th mile road Enugu, Nigeria.