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The anchovy is a significant food source for almost every predatory fish in its environment, including the California halibut, rock fish, yellowtail, shark, chinook, and coho salmon. It is also extremely important to marine mammals and birds; for example, breeding success of California brown pelicans [ 13 ] and elegant terns is strongly ...
The Californian anchovy or northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) is a species of anchovy found in the Eastern Pacific Ocean, ranging from Mexico to British Columbia. [2] It is a small, Clupeoid fish with a large mouth and a long, laterally compressed body, which strongly resembles the European Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) with only slight differences in girth and fin position.
Encrasicholina punctifer, known as the buccaneer anchovy, or in Hawaiian as nehu, is an anchovy of the family Engraulidae that is widespread in the Indo-Pacific.
Altogether the ocean occupies 71 percent of the world surface, [4] averaging nearly 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) in depth. [27] By volume, the ocean provides about 90 percent of the living space on the planet. [4] The science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke has pointed out it would be more appropriate to refer to planet Earth as planet Ocean. [28] [29]
A marine coastal ecosystem is a marine ecosystem which occurs where the land meets the ocean. Worldwide there is about 620,000 kilometres (390,000 mi) of coastline. Coastal habitats extend to the margins of the continental shelves, occupying about 7 percent of the ocean surface area.
At the other end of the spectrum, benthos of the deep ocean includes the bottom levels of the oceanic abyssal zone. [7] For information on animals that live in the deeper areas of the oceans see aphotic zone. Generally, these include life forms that tolerate cool temperatures and low oxygen levels, but this depends on the depth of the water. [8]
Life forms live in every part of the Earth's biosphere, including soil, hot springs, inside rocks at least 19 km (12 mi) deep underground, and at least 64 km (40 mi) high in the atmosphere. [ 26 ] [ 27 ] [ 28 ] Marine life under many forms has been found in the deepest reaches of the world ocean while much of the deep sea remains to be explored.
It currently contains 3 species. There are found in the eastern Pacific and western Atlantic ocean. Anchovia clupeoides (Swainson, 1839) (Zabaleta anchovy) Anchovia macrolepidota (Kner, 1863) (Bigscale anchovy) Anchovia surinamensis (Bleeker, 1865) (Surinam anchovy)