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The structure of the French judiciary is divided into three tiers: Inferior courts of original and general jurisdiction; Intermediate appellate courts which hear cases on appeal from lower courts; Courts of last resort which hear appeals from lower appellate courts on the interpretation of law. There are exceptions to this scheme, as noted below.
Organization of the French judiciary for criminal matters. There are two categories of criminal jurisdiction: investigation ( French : instruction ) and judgement ( jugement ). This distinction is echoed by the French code of criminal procedure ( Code de procédure pénale ), which nevertheless does not define how to distinguish the one from ...
Courts of Appeal in the French judiciary. Procedure (simplified) of an appeal and of an appeal en cassation. The court of appeal recognizes appeals of matters previously brought before the relevant tribunals, (du ressort), both civil and penal: [16] tribunal d'instance. police tribunals; tribunal de grande instance. juge d'instruction
The building of the Court of Cassation. The prosecution, or parquet général, is headed by the Chief Prosecutor (procureur général). [c] The Chief Prosecutor is a judicial officer, but does not prosecute cases; instead, his function is to advise the Court on how to proceed, analogous to the Commissioner-in-Council's [d] role within the Conseil d'État (lit.
In France, a cour d'assises, or Court of Assizes or Assize Court, is a criminal trial court with original and appellate limited jurisdiction to hear cases involving defendants accused of felonies, meaning crimes as defined in French law. It is the only French court that uses a jury trial. [1] [2]
The jurisdiction of the Paris judicial court is nationwide for matters of: crimes against humanity and war crimes, [3] crimes committed outside the territory by members of the French armed forces or against them in peacetime [4] (since the removal of the Tribunal of the armies of Paris in 2012), corruption and tax evasion. [5]
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The judges of the commercial courts are not career judges but elected traders. They are elected for terms of two or four years by an electoral college made up of current and former judges of the commercial courts and traders’ delegates (délégués consulaires), who are themselves traders elected in the area within the jurisdiction of the court.