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Cyclin A was first identified in 1983 in sea urchin embryos. [4] Since its initial discovery, homologues of cyclin A have been identified in numerous eukaryotes including Drosophila, [5] Xenopus, mice, and in humans but has not been found in lower eukaryotes like yeast. [6] [7] The protein exists in both an embryonic form and somatic form.
Protein cyclin A governs this process by keeping the process going until the errors are eliminated. In normal cells, persistent cyclin A expression prevents the stabilization of microtubules bound to kinetochores even in cells with aligned chromosomes.
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell division cycle. Cyclins function as activating subunits of enzymatic complex together with cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) .
A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) is a protein that interacts with a cyclin-CDK complex to inhibit kinase activity, often during G1 phase or in response to external signals or DNA damage. In animal cells, two primary CKI families exist: the INK4 family (p16, p15, p18, p19) and the CIP/KIP family (p21, p27, p57). The INK4 family proteins ...
A cyclin-dependent kinase complex (CDKC, cyclin-CDK) is a protein complex formed by the association of an inactive catalytic subunit of a protein kinase, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), with a regulatory subunit, cyclin. [1] Once cyclin-dependent kinases bind to cyclin, the formed complex is in an activated state.
Cyclin A2 (Ccna2) is a key protein involved in the direction of mammalian cardiac myocytes to grow and divide, and has been shown to induce cardiac repair following myocardial infarction. [24] Normally, Ccna2 is silenced postnatally in mammalian cardiac myocytes.
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A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein (also known as CKIs, CDIs, or CDKIs) is a protein that inhibits the enzyme cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and Cyclin activity by stopping the cell cycle if there are unfavorable conditions, therefore, acting as tumor suppressors.