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John McCarthy is one of the "founding fathers" of artificial intelligence, together with Alan Turing, Marvin Minsky, Allen Newell, and Herbert A. Simon. McCarthy, Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester and Claude E. Shannon coined the term "artificial intelligence" in a proposal that they wrote for the famous Dartmouth conference in Summer 1956.
The history of artificial intelligence (AI) began in antiquity, with myths, stories, and rumors of artificial beings endowed with intelligence or consciousness by master craftsmen. The study of logic and formal reasoning from antiquity to the present led directly to the invention of the programmable digital computer in the 1940s, a machine ...
Buchanan, Bruce G. (2005), "A (Very) Brief History of Artificial Intelligence" (PDF), AI Magazine, pp. 53– 60, archived from the original (PDF) on 26 September 2007 Christian, Brian (2020). The Alignment Problem : Machine learning and human values .
Artificial intelligence (AI), in its broadest sense, is intelligence exhibited by machines, particularly computer systems.It is a field of research in computer science that develops and studies methods and software that enable machines to perceive their environment and use learning and intelligence to take actions that maximize their chances of achieving defined goals. [1]
The Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence was a 1956 summer workshop widely considered [1] [2] [3] to be the founding event of artificial intelligence as a field. [4] The workshop has been referred to as "the Constitutional Convention of AI". [ 5 ]
Artificial Neuron: Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts develop a mathematical model that imitates the functioning of a biological neuron, the artificial neuron which is considered to be the first neural model invented. [12] 1950: Turing's Learning Machine: Alan Turing proposes a 'learning machine' that could learn and become artificially intelligent.
During this time, he continued to do more abstract work in mathematics, [139] and in "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" (Mind, October 1950), Turing addressed the problem of artificial intelligence, and proposed an experiment that became known as the Turing test, an attempt to define a standard for a machine to be called "intelligent".
Artificial intelligence is the development of computer systems enabling machines to learn, and make intelligent decisions to achieve a set of defined goals. [7] MIT physicist Max Tegmark was one of the first people to use the term "Age of Artificial Intelligence" in his 2017 non-fiction book Life 3.0: Being Human in the Age of Artificial ...