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Manichaeism teaches an elaborate dualistic cosmology describing the struggle between a good, spiritual world of light, and an evil, material world of darkness. [8] Through an ongoing process that takes place in human history, light is gradually removed from the world of matter and returned to the world of light, whence it came.
Suffering Jesus (Jesus patibilis) is identical to the World Soul and the Living Self, which is the light that is imprisoned in matter; like the historical Jesus, he is depicted crucified in the world. [14] The pain suffered by the imprisoned light was understood to be real and imminent, not merely metaphorical.
Zandaqa is usually translated as "heresy" and is often used to underscore the seriousness of the religious views of the accused individual, and the rejection of such views by Islamic orthodoxy. [3] It originally referred to the adherents of Manichaeism , [ 3 ] but then came to be applied to those who were accused of having heretical beliefs and ...
According to Christian eschatology, Jesus, not Mani, will perform the final judgment at the conclusion of history. [ 40 ] While his religion was not strictly a movement of Christian Gnosticism in the earlier mode, Mani did declare himself to be an "apostle of Jesus Christ", [ 34 ] and extant Manichaean poetry frequently extols Jesus and his ...
Manichaean scripture includes nine main books: the Seven Treatises of Manichaeism, all personally written by Mani in Syriac, the Shabuhragan written by Mani in Middle Persian, and the Arzhang, a series of illustrations painted by Mani. The Kephalaia are not scriptural but rather a secondary literature on Manichaeism commenting on the scripture ...
Although Manichaeism has historically been a fairly unified religion, it has had some schisms over its history. [1] These schisms occurred from the sixth century AD until at least the 10th century AD. In the sixth century, there was a schism among Manichaeans between the Denawars and the see of Babylon, in response to persecution in Mesopotamia ...
While Jesus is only rarely called Jesus the Splendour in other Manichaen writings, he is commonly called as such in the Kephalaia of the Teacher. [4] In the Kephalaia, Jesus is an emanation of the Father of Greatness and identical with the "Third Envoy" and the "living word," brought forth to restore the damage done by the rebellion of the ...
In Manichaeism, Siddartha Gautama is considered one of the four prophets of the faith, along with Zoroaster, Jesus and Mani. [1] Mani believed that the teachings of Gautama Buddha, Zoroaster, and Jesus were incomplete, and that his revelations were for the entire world, calling his teachings the "Religion of Light".