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Aromatization is a chemical reaction in which an aromatic system is formed from a single nonaromatic precursor. Typically aromatization is achieved by dehydrogenation of existing cyclic compounds, illustrated by the conversion of cyclohexane into benzene. Aromatization includes the formation of heterocyclic systems. [1]
Cyclohexane is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula C 6 H 12. ... The reaction is highly exothermic, with ΔH(500 K) = -216.37 kJ/mol. Dehydrogenation commenced ...
Oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of n-butane is an alternative to classical dehydrogenation, steam cracking and fluid catalytic cracking processes. [5] [6] Formaldehyde is produced industrially by oxidative dehydrogenation of methanol. This reaction can also be viewed as a dehydrogenation using O 2 as the acceptor.
The dehydrogenation also produces significant amounts of byproduct hydrogen gas, which is fed into other refinery processes such as hydrocracking. A side reaction is hydrogenolysis, which produces light hydrocarbons of lower value, such as methane, ethane, propane and butanes. Continuous Catalytic reforming (CCR) unit
The reaction depicted below describes the hydrogenation of benzophenone: A chemical kinetics study [34] found this reaction is first-order in all three reactants suggesting a cyclic 6-membered transition state. Another system for metal-free hydrogenation is based on the phosphine-borane, compound 1, which has been called a frustrated Lewis pair.
1,4-Cyclohexadiene and its derivatives are easily aromatized, the driving force being the formation of an aromatic ring. The conversion to an aromatic system may be used to trigger other reactions, such as the Bergman cyclization. [2]
Like the expansion reaction this proceeds with an electron donating group aiding in the migration. Contraction reactions of one ring can be coupled with an expansion of another to give an unequal bicycle from equally sized fused ring. These cationic rearrangements have found use to synthesize the cores of complex molecules. [21]
Small-ring application of the Ramberg–Bäcklund reaction. This reaction type gives access to 1,2-dimethylenecyclohexane. Scheme 5. Ramberg–Bäcklund synthesis of dimethylene-cyclohexane. and the epoxide variation access to allyl alcohols. A recently developed application of the Ramberg–Bäcklund reaction is the synthesis of C-glycosides.