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The Avogadro constant, commonly denoted N A [1] or L, [2] is an SI defining constant with an exact value of 6.022 140 76 × 10 23 mol −1 (reciprocal moles). [3] [4] It defines the number of constituent particles in one mole, where the particles in question can be either molecules, atoms, ions, ion pairs, or any other elementary entities.
For example, a 5.0 earthquake releases 32 times (10 1.5) and a 6.0 releases 1000 times (10 3) the energy of a 4.0. [61] Apparent magnitude measures the brightness of stars logarithmically. [62] In chemistry the negative of the decimal logarithm, the decimal cologarithm, is indicated by the letter p. [63]
Algebra is the art of manipulating equations and formulas. Diophantus (3rd century) and al-Khwarizmi (9th century) were the two main precursors of algebra. [ 27 ] [ 28 ] Diophantus solved some equations involving unknown natural numbers by deducing new relations until he obtained the solution. [ 29 ]
It is a simple number that has been experimentally determined to be close to 0.08542455. (My physicist friends won't recognize this number, because they like to remember it as the inverse of its square: about 137.03597 with an uncertainty of about 2 in the last decimal place.
Similarities in both values and definitions of Macaulay duration versus Weighted Average Life can lead to confusing the purpose and calculation of the two. [12] For example, a 5-year fixed-rate interest-only bond would have a Weighted Average Life of 5, and a Macaulay duration that should be very close.
The first 128 symbols of the Fibonacci sequence has an entropy of approximately 7 bits/symbol, but the sequence can be expressed using a formula [F(n) = F(n−1) + F(n−2) for n = 3, 4, 5, ..., F(1) =1, F(2) = 1] and this formula has a much lower entropy and applies to any length of the Fibonacci sequence.
The former Weights and Measures office in Seven Sisters, London Units of measurement, Palazzo della Ragione, Padua. A unit of measurement, or unit of measure, is a definite magnitude of a quantity, defined and adopted by convention or by law, that is used as a standard for measurement of the same kind of quantity. [1]
A dot, rather than a blank, was first seen to denote zero, in a decimal system, in the Bakhshali manuscript. [171] The usage of the zero in the Bakhshali manuscript was dated from between 3rd and 4th centuries, making it the earliest known usage of a written zero, in a decimal place value system. [172]