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Ore minerals in IOCG deposits are typically copper-iron sulfide chalcopyrite and gangue pyrite, forming 10–15% of the rock mass. Supergene profiles can be developed above weathered examples of IOCG deposits, as exemplified by the Sossego deposit, Para State, Brazil , where typical oxidised copper minerals are present, e.g.; malachite ...
A rare but notable gamma source is sodium-24; this has a fairly short half-life of 15 hours, but it emits photons with very high energies (>2 MeV). It could be used for radiography of thick steel objects if the radiography occurred close to the point of production.
Platinum is an extremely rare metal, [26] occurring at a concentration of only 0.005 ppm in Earth's crust. [ 27 ] [ 28 ] Sometimes mistaken for silver, platinum is often found chemically uncombined as native platinum and as alloy with the other platinum-group metals and iron mostly.
The first attempts to smelt those ores for copper or silver failed, yielding simply powder (cobalt(II) oxide) instead. Because the primary ores of cobalt always contain arsenic, smelting the ore oxidized the arsenic into the highly toxic and volatile arsenic oxide, adding to the notoriety of the ore. [65]
Please follow the IUCN Red List when you add or remove species, subspecies, varieties, stocks or sub-populations. For brevity use binomial or trinomial nomenclature only, that is, omit common names and the name of the scientific authority.