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A spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a collection of pus or inflammatory granulation between the dura mater and the vertebral column. [1] Currently the annual incidence rate of SEAs is estimated to be 2.5–3 per 10,000 hospital admissions.
The symptoms of an ataxia vary with the specific type and with the individual patient. Many subtypes of spinocerebellar ataxia result in cases where an individual retains full mental capacity but progressively loses physical control, but nearly half of the identified subtypes result in cognitive dysfunction, dementia, and mental retardation.
Presentation depends on disease stage, location, and complications such as neurological deficits and abscesses. [5] Non-spinal symptoms include weakness, loss of appetite, weight loss, evening fever, and night sweats. [5] Clinical findings include back pain, paraparesis, kyphosis, sensory disturbances, and bowel and bladder dysfunction. [5]
Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a condition that occurs when the bundle of nerves below the end of the spinal cord known as the cauda equina is damaged. [2] Signs and symptoms include low back pain, pain that radiates down the leg, numbness around the anus, and loss of bowel or bladder control. [1]
Spinal cord compression is a form of myelopathy in which the spinal cord is compressed. Causes can be bone fragments from a vertebral fracture, a tumor , abscess , ruptured intervertebral disc or other lesion.
The age of onset and the severity of symptoms form the basis of the traditional classification of spinal muscular atrophy into a number of types. [ 4 ] Spinal muscular atrophy is due to an abnormality ( mutation ) in the SMN1 gene [ 1 ] [ 2 ] which encodes SMN , a protein necessary for survival of motor neurons . [ 8 ]
An MRI of the lumbar spine with abscess that resulted in CES. Cauda equina syndrome is a rare syndrome that affects the spinal nerves in the region of the lower back called the cauda equine (Latin for "horses tail"). Injury to the cauda equina can have long lasting ramifications for the individual.
Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord, also known as myelosis funiculus, or funicular myelosis, [1] also Lichtheim's disease, [2] [3] and Putnam-Dana syndrome, [4] refers to degeneration of the posterior and lateral columns of the spinal cord as a result of vitamin B 12 deficiency (most common).