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Hotak dynasty (1709–1738), established by Mirwais Hotak from Kandahar, who declared independence from the Persian Safavids. Hotak was a tribal chief of the Ghilzai Pashtuns. [6] [7] The Hotaki dynasty ruled over much of southern Afghanistan and most of Iran (Persia) at its peak.
The rubab is often used in Pashto music. Loba is very popular among the masses and are added within Tappas occasionally. This is a form of folk music in which a story is told. It requires 2 or more persons who reply to each other in a poetic form. The two sides are usually the lover and the beloved (the man and woman).
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Pashtunistan (Pashto: پښتونستان, lit. 'land of the Pashtuns') [4] or Pakhtunistan is a historical region on the crossroads of Central and South Asia, located on the Iranian Plateau, inhabited by the Pashtun people of southern and eastern Afghanistan [5] and northwestern Pakistan, [6] [7] wherein Pashtun culture, the Pashto language, and identity have been based.
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The Afghan concept of music is closely associated with instruments, and thus unaccompanied religious singing is not considered music. Koran recitation is an important kind of unaccompanied religious performance, as is the ecstatic Zikr ritual of the Sufis which uses songs called na't, and the Shi'a solo and group singing styles like mursia, manqasat, nowheh and rowzeh.
Karlani itself means "adopted". The 17th century Mughal scribe Nimat Allah al-Harawi does not mention Karlani tribes in his Makhzan-i-Afghani. [2] According to a legend, Karlan was the adopted son of Qais Abdur Rasheed, the eponymous ancestor of Pashtuns. [3]
The Durrani dynasty (Persian: سلسله درانیان; Pashto: د درانيانو کورنۍ) was founded in 1747 by Ahmad Shah Durrani at Kandahar, Afghanistan. He united the different Pashtun tribes and created the Durrani Empire .