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It is the surgical intervention for both cystocele (protrusion of the urinary bladder into the vagina) and rectocele (protrusion of the rectum into the vagina). [citation needed] The repair may be to either or both of the anterior (front) or posterior (rear) vaginal walls, thus the origin of some of its alternative names. [1] [2] [3]
The vaginal support structures are those muscles, bones, ligaments, tendons, membranes and fascia, of the pelvic floor that maintain the position of the vagina within the pelvic cavity and allow the normal functioning of the vagina and other reproductive structures in the female.
The female reproductive tract is made of several connected internal sex organs—the vagina, uterus, and fallopian tubes—and is prone to infections. [1] The vagina allows for sexual intercourse, and is connected to the uterus at the cervix. The uterus (or womb) accommodates the embryo by developing the uterine lining.
The term vagina is from Latin vāgīna, meaning "sheath" or "scabbard". [1] The vagina may also be referred to as the birth canal in the context of pregnancy and childbirth. [2] [3] Although by its dictionary and anatomical definitions, the term vagina refers exclusively to the specific internal structure, it is colloquially used to refer to the vulva or to both the vagina and vulva.
The absence of vaginal rugae seen in the normal vagina of a healthy woman may be an indication of a prolapsed bladder (cystocele) or rectocele. [13] [12] An enterocele, or bulging of the bowel into the vagina can also cause vaginal rugae to disappear. [16] The absence of vaginal rugae may also be an indicator of pelvic organ prolapse.
More serious causes of pain could be STIs, hormonal changes, injuries to the vagina, urinary tract infections, pelvic tumors, pregnancy, or retained objects in the vagina (such as tampons), she adds.
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is characterized by descent of pelvic organs from their normal positions into the vagina. In women, the condition usually occurs when the pelvic floor collapses after gynecological cancer treatment, childbirth or heavy lifting. [ 2 ]
Unstable fractures are further divided into anterior posterior compression, lateral compression, vertical shear, and combined mechanism fractures. [2] [1] Diagnosis is suspected based on symptoms and examination with confirmation by X-rays or CT scan. [1] If a person is fully awake and has no pain of the pelvis medical imaging is not needed. [2]