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Spondylolisthesis is when one spinal vertebra slips out of place compared to another. [1] While some medical dictionaries define spondylolisthesis specifically as the forward or anterior displacement of a vertebra over the vertebra inferior to it (or the sacrum ), [ 2 ] [ 3 ] it is often defined in medical textbooks as displacement in any ...
Retrolisthesis can be classified as a form of spondylolisthesis, since spondylolisthesis is often defined in the literature as displacement in any direction. [1] [2] Yet, medical dictionaries usually define spondylolisthesis specifically as the forward or anterior displacement of a vertebra over the vertebra inferior to it (or the sacrum).
Cervical X-rays may show osteophytes, decreased intervertebral disc height, narrowing of the spinal canal, and abnormal alignment (kyphosis of the cervical spine). Flexion and extension view of the cervical spine is helpful to look for spondylolisthesis (slippage of one vertebra over another). [2]
52 year old male with a degenerative spondylolisthesis at L5 - S1. (A) CT sagittal view of a low grade slip. (B) Lateral radiograph pre-operative intervention. - (C) Surgically treated with L5 - S1 decompression, instrumented fusion and placement of an interbody graft between L5 and S1.
Most patients with spondylolysis do not require surgery but, if the symptoms are not relieved with non-surgical treatments, or when the condition progresses to high grade spondylolisthesis, then patients may require surgery. [23] Spinal fusion: This procedure is recommended when a set of vertebrae becomes loose or unstable. The surgeon joins ...
[1] [11] Diagnosis of neurogenic claudication is based on typical clinical features, the physical exam, and findings of spinal stenosis on computer tomography (CT) or X-ray imaging. [1] In addition to vascular claudication, diseases affecting the spine and musculoskeletal system should be considered in the differential diagnosis. [9]
Schmorl's nodes are fairly common, especially with minor degeneration of the aging spine, but they are also seen in younger spines. Schmorl's nodes often cause no symptoms, but may simply reflect that "wear and tear" of the spine has occurred over time; they may also reflect that bone strength was at one time somewhat compromised, perhaps due to a vitamin D deficiency although this has yet to ...
An intervertebral disc (British English), also spelled intervertebral disk (American English), lies between adjacent vertebrae in the vertebral column.Each disc forms a fibrocartilaginous joint (a symphysis), to allow slight movement of the vertebrae, to act as a ligament to hold the vertebrae together, and to function as a shock absorber for the spine.