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Hydrological conditions, as seen in other wetlands, are a major determinant of fen biota and biogeochemistry. [11] Fen soils are constantly inundated because the water table is at or near the surface. [12] The result is anaerobic (oxygen-free) soils due to the slow rate at which oxygen diffuses into waterlogged soil. [11]
A wet meadow in the San Bernardino Mountains, California, United States. A wet meadow is a type of wetland with soils that are saturated for part or all of the growing season which prevents the growth of trees and brush. Debate exists whether a wet meadow is a type of marsh or a completely separate type of wetland. [1]
Palustrine wetlands include any inland wetland that contains ocean-derived salts in concentrations of less than 0.5 parts per thousand, and is non-tidal. [1] The word palustrine comes from the Latin word palus or marsh. [2] Wetlands within this category include inland marshes and swamps as well as bogs, fens, pocosins, tundra and floodplains.
It is a poetical or dialect word meaning a sheet of standing water, a lake or a pond (OED). The OED's fourth definition ("A marsh, a fen.") includes wetland such as fen amongst usages of the word which is reflected in the lexicographers' recording of it. In a quotation from the year 598, mere is contrasted against moss (bog) and field against fen.
An alder carr at Moor Park, Farnham, Surrey in England, UK. A carr is a type of waterlogged wooded terrain that, typically, represents a succession stage between the original reedy marsh and the likely eventual formation of forest in a sub [clarification needed]-maritime climate. [1]
Wetlands exist on every continent, except Antarctica. [19] The water in wetlands is either freshwater, brackish or saltwater. [18] The main types of wetland are defined based on the dominant plants and the source of the water. For example, marshes are wetlands dominated by emergent herbaceous vegetation such as reeds, cattails and sedges.
Lacustrine wetlands- associated with a lake or other body of fresh water; Palustrine wetlands- freshwater wetlands not associated with a river or lake. The primary purpose of this ecological classification system was to establish consistent terms and definitions used in inventory of wetlands and to provide standard measurements for mapping ...
Fen meadows have been severely impacted by farming, resulting in hydrological changes, acidification, and nutrient pollution, leaving few preserved into the 21st century. [1] Compositional transformations and increased groundwater flow have the greatest effect this habitat and can degrade peat. [ 2 ]