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The occupation was met by a campaign of both passive resistance and civil disobedience from the German inhabitants of the Ruhr. Chancellor Cuno immediately encouraged the passive resistance, [22] and on January 13, the Reichstag voted 283 to 12 to approve it as a formal policy. [23]
The Cuno strikes were a nationwide wave of strikes in Germany against the government of Chancellor Wilhelm Cuno in August 1923. The strikes were called by the Communist Party of Germany in response to Cuno's policy of passive resistance against the French and Belgian occupation of the Ruhr and the hyperinflation that resulted from it.
During its brief three months in office, the Great Coalition ended the passive resistance against the Ruhr occupation, successfully stabilized the currency by replacing the worthless Papiermark with the Rentenmark and expelled the German Communist Party from the governments of Saxony and Thuringia by means of a Reichsexekution. [1]
The political treatment of the Ruhr question is known as Ruhrpolitik in German. When one looks at the Rhineland as a whole or the attempted establishment of the Rhenish Republic in 1923, the terms Rhein- und Ruhrfrage or Rhein-Ruhr-Frage are used in German. [1] [2]
11 January – French and Belgian troops enter the Ruhr in the Occupation of the Ruhr because of Germany’s refusal to pay war reparations, causing strikes and a severe economic crisis. [1] 20 April – Julius Streicher's antisemitic newspaper Der Stürmer begins publication. [2] 13 August – The First Stresemann cabinet was sworn in.
The passive resistance proved effective, insofar as the occupation became a loss-making deal for the French government. But the Ruhr fight also led to hyperinflation , and many who lost all their fortune would become bitter enemies of the Weimar Republic, and voters of the anti-democratic right.
Memorial to the Ruhr uprising in Hagen. On 5 April a large part of the Red Ruhr Army fled to the French occupied zone of the Rhineland. [10] The skirmish that took place in Gelsenkirchen the next day marked the final end of the uprising and of the Red Ruhr Army. [11] The number of insurgents killed has never been accurately determined.
The cabinet had to deal with several crucial issues that threatened Germany's integrity. The most pressing was the occupation of the Ruhr, which was closely connected to the issue of war reparations and a major cause of the economic collapse and hyperinflation brought on by the policy of passive resistance against the French and Belgian ...