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The side effects of cyproterone acetate (CPA), a steroidal antiandrogen and progestin, including its frequent and rare side effects, have been studied and characterized.It is generally well-tolerated and has a mild side-effect profile, regardless of dosage, when it used as a progestin or antiandrogen in combination with an estrogen such as ethinylestradiol or estradiol valerate in women.
Common side effects include constipation and nausea. [1] When taken by mouth high blood calcium is uncommon. [1] Calcium supplements, unlike calcium from dietary sources, appear to increase the risk of kidney stones. [1] Adults generally require about a gram of calcium a day. [1] Calcium is particularly important for bones, muscles, and nerves. [1]
The placebo, or hormone-free, week in the 28-day pill package simulates an average menstrual cycle, though the hormonal events during a pill cycle are significantly different from those of a normal ovulatory menstrual cycle. Because the pill suppresses ovulation (to be discussed more in the Mechanism of action section), birth control users do ...
[17] [4] However, it is thought that the antiandrogenic activity of CPA may only be significant at higher doses than are present in birth control pills. [4] [19] Both EE and CPA have antigonadotropic effects and act as contraceptives in women by suppressing ovulation. [17]
Dysmenorrhea, also known as period pain, painful periods or menstrual cramps, is pain during menstruation. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 2 ] Its usual onset occurs around the time that menstruation begins. [ 1 ] Symptoms typically last less than three days. [ 1 ]
Side effects of NOMAC include menstrual irregularities, headaches, nausea, breast tenderness, and others. [1] [14] NOMAC is a progestin, or a synthetic progestogen, and hence is an agonist of the progesterone receptor, the biological target of progestogens like progesterone. [3] It has some antiandrogenic activity and no other important ...
Common side effects include menstrual disturbances such as absence of periods, abdominal pain, and headaches. [10] More serious side effects include bone loss, blood clots, allergic reactions, and liver problems. [10] Use is not recommended during pregnancy as it may harm the baby. [10]
Because a symptom of the RED-S is menstrual dysfunction, some physicians may recommend oral contraceptives because those pills will regulate the menstrual cycle. However, the underlying cause of the menstrual disorder is an energy imbalance, and using pills to regulate the menstrual cycle without changes in diet and behavior is likely to mask ...