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Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) based genome engineering is a genome editing platform centered on the use of recombinant AAV vectors that enables insertion, deletion or substitution of DNA sequences into the genomes of live mammalian cells.
Self-complementary adeno-associated virus (scAAV) is a viral vector engineered from the naturally occurring adeno-associated virus (AAV) to be used as a tool for gene therapy. [1] Use of recombinant AAV (rAAV) has been successful in clinical trials addressing a variety of diseases. [ 2 ]
Because of AAV's specialized gene therapy advantages, researchers have created an altered version of AAV termed self-complementary adeno-associated virus (scAAV). Whereas AAV packages a single strand of DNA and must wait for its second strand to be synthesized, scAAV packages two shorter strands that are complementary to each other.
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If the transgene is incorporated into somatic cells, the transgene will stay with the somatic cell line, and thus its host organism. [ 6 ] Gene delivery is a necessary step in gene therapy for the introduction or silencing of a gene to promote a therapeutic outcome in patients and also has applications in the genetic modification of crops.
It was found that AAV genome inserts in less than ~10% of occasions AAV infects a cell and the expression is less than when episomally expressed. [4] AAV can only package genomes between 2 – 5.2 kb in size when they are flanked with inverted terminal repeat sequences (ITRs), but optimally holds a genome of 4.1 to 4.9 kb in length. [ 5 ]
How vectors work to transfer genetic material. Gene therapy utilizes the delivery of DNA into cells, which can be accomplished by several methods, summarized below. The two major classes of methods are those that use recombinant viruses (sometimes called biological nanoparticles or viral vectors) and those that use naked DNA or DNA complexes (non-viral methods).
Transgene is currently evaluating the full study results in detail to determine the best way forward for this program [13]. 3- Oncolytic viruses: TG6050 and BT-001. Transgene’s oncolytic viruses are designed to directly and selectively destroy the cancer cells by using an oncolysis mechanism, while also inducing immune responses against tumor ...