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The disequilibrium caused by these changes often causes withdrawal when the long-term use of a drug is discontinued. Upregulation and downregulation can also happen as a response to toxins or hormones. An example of upregulation in pregnancy is hormones that cause cells in the uterus to become more sensitive to oxytocin.
Up-regulation is a process which occurs within a cell triggered by a signal (originating internal or external to the cell), which results in increased expression of one or more genes and as a result the proteins encoded by those genes. Conversely, down-regulation is a process resulting in decreased gene and corresponding protein expression.
The idea of "reverse aging," or turning back your actual "biological clock" (a.k.a. the age of your cells) is really buzzy right now thanks to a bevvy of longevity bros, biohacking podcasts, and a ...
Starvation response in animals (including humans) is a set of adaptive biochemical and physiological changes, triggered by lack of food or extreme weight loss, in which the body seeks to conserve energy by reducing metabolic rate and/or non-resting energy expenditure to prolong survival and preserve body fat and lean mass.
Metaplasia occurs when a cell of a certain type is replaced by another cell type, which may be less differentiated. It is a reversible process thought to be caused by stem cell reprogramming. Stem cells are found in epithelia and embryonic mesenchyme of connective tissue. A prominent example of metaplasia involves the changes associated with ...
B cells also have a decreased repertoire of naïve cells and an increase in memory B cells. [13] They also have reduced the production of antibodies against antigens. In immunosenescence, here is a change in the individual subtypes of immunoglobulins. IgM and IgD levels decrease while IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3 levels increase.
Mediating RNA interference in cultured mammalian cells. Small interfering RNA ( siRNA ), sometimes known as short interfering RNA or silencing RNA , is a class of double-stranded non-coding RNA molecules , typically 20–24 base pairs in length, similar to microRNA (miRNA), and operating within the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway.
2354 14282 Ensembl ENSG00000125740 ENSMUSG00000003545 UniProt P53539 P13346 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001114171 NM_006732 NM_008036 NM_001347586 RefSeq (protein) NP_001107643 NP_006723 NP_001334515 NP_032062 Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 45.47 – 45.48 Mb Chr 7: 19.04 – 19.04 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Protein fosB, also known as FosB and G0/G1 switch regulatory protein 3 ...