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Basalt columns seen on Porto Santo Island, Portugal. Columnar jointing of volcanic rocks exists in many places on Earth. Perhaps the most famous basalt lava flow in the world is the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland, in which the vertical joints form polygonal columns and give the impression of having been artificially constructed.
View of Semeru and Bromo eruption with Mount Batok in East Java. The Indonesian island of Java is almost entirely of volcanic origin, and contains numerous volcanoes, 45 of which are considered active volcanoes. As is the case for many other Indonesian islands, volcanoes have played a vital role in the geological and human history of Java.
Largest of the active shield volcanoes in the Hawaiian Islands. Lower flanks populated in multiple directions, but most dangerous to the city of Hilo: Mount Etna: 3,326 m (10,912 ft) Sicily: Italy: 1,100,000 [15] 2013–present Whole metro city of Catania in general due to air pollution and ash clouds. Capable of lava bombs and violent VEI 3 ...
Kazumura Cave, Hawaii – Not only the world's most extensive lava tube, but at 65.5 kilometres (40.7 mi), it has the greatest linear extent of any cave known. [12] Kuna Caves – Idaho; Lava Beds National Monument – California; Newberry National Volcanic Monument – Oregon Arnold Lava Tube System; Boyd Cave – Oregon; Horse Lava Tube ...
It rises approximately 2500 vertical feet (762 m) above the lava plain in southern Butte County, east of Craters of the Moon National Monument. Big Southern Butte consists of two coalesced lava domes with a base diameter of 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) and a combined volume of approximately 8 cubic kilometres (1.9 cu mi).
The two main types of lava field structures are defined as sheet flow lava and pillow lava. Sheet flow lava appears like a wrinkled or folded sheet, while pillow lava is bulbous, and often looks like a pile of pillows atop one another. [3] An important aspect of lava flow morphology is a phenomenon known as lava flow inflation.
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Ijen is the largest blue flame area in the world. Local people refer to it as Api Biru (Blue Fire). [ 11 ] The other location at which blue fire can be seen is in Dallol Mountain, Ethiopia .