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Iridoids are a type of monoterpenoids in the general form of cyclopentanopyran, found in a wide variety of plants and some animals. They are biosynthetically derived from 8-oxogeranial . [ 1 ] Iridoids are typically found in plants as glycosides , most often bound to glucose .
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Iridodial is an iridoid.It is produced from 8-oxogeranial by the enzyme iridoid synthase (IS). [1] Iridodial is one of the substrates for the enzyme iridoid oxidase (IO) which produces 7-deoxyloganetic acid.
Iridoids can consist of ten, nine, or rarely eight carbons in which C11 is more frequently missing than C10. [6] Aucubin has 10 carbons with the C11 carbon missing. The stereochemical configurations at C5 and C9 lead to cis fused rings, which are common to all iridoids containing carbocyclic- or seco-skeleton in non-rearranged form. [ 6 ]
The terpenoids, also known as isoprenoids, are a class of naturally occurring organic chemicals derived from the 5-carbon compound isoprene and its derivatives called terpenes, diterpenes, etc.
Iris is a flowering plant genus of 310 accepted species [1] with showy flowers.As well as being the scientific name, iris is also widely used as a common name for all Iris species, as well as some belonging to other closely related genera.
With iridoids stemming from a terpenoid origin, epi-iridotrial's precursor, epi-iridodial, is derived from geraniol. [8] Addition of a glucose at carbon 1 (C1) of the iridoid backbone and oxidation of the aldehyde at C4 of epi-iridotrial produces 8-epiloganic acid.