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Islamic calligraphy is the artistic practice of penmanship and calligraphy, in the languages which use Arabic alphabet or the alphabets derived from it. It is a highly stylized and structured form of handwriting that follows artistic conventions and is often used for Islamic religious texts , architecture , and decoration . [ 2 ]
Muhaqqaq is one of the main six types of calligraphic script in Arabic. [1] The Arabic word muḥaqqaq (محقَّق) means "consummate" or "clear", and originally was used to denote any accomplished piece of calligraphy.
Naskh [a] is a smaller, round script of Islamic calligraphy. Naskh is one of the first scripts of Islamic calligraphy to develop, commonly used in writing administrative documents and for transcribing books, including the Qur’an , because of its easy legibility.
Qalams as used in calligraphy. A qalam (Arabic: قلم) is a type of reed pen.It is made from a cut, dried reed, and used for Islamic calligraphy.The pen is seen as an important symbol of wisdom in Islam, and references the emphasis on knowledge and education within the Islamic tradition.
Since its creation, Thuluth has given rise to a variety of scripts used in calligraphy and over time has allowed numerous modifications. Jeli Thuluth was developed for use in large panels, such as those on tombstones. The Muhaqqaq script was developed by widening the horizontal sections [clarification needed] of the letters in Thuluth.
An entrance to the Worship Hall of Xi'an great mosque contains Sini calligraphy on a tasmiya placard. In Chinese mosques, Sini calligraphy is found on a variety of different surfaces including walls, boards and tablets made from stone or wood, and pillars made of concrete or stone, particularly near the mihrab or prayer niche. [1]
Ibn al-Bawwāb (Arabic: إِبْن ٱلْبَوَّاب), also known as Ali ibn-Hilal, Abu'l-Hasan, and Ibn al-Sitri, was an Arabic calligrapher and illuminator who lived in Baghdad. [1] He is the figure most associated with the adoption of round script to transcribe the Qur'an. [2] He most likely died around 1022 CE in Baghdad. [3]
A copy of the Qur'an by Ibn al-Bawwab in the year 1000/1001 CE, thought to be the earliest existing example of a Qur'an written in a cursive script. Arabic Calligrapher. Arabic calligraphy is the artistic practice of handwriting and calligraphy based on the Arabic alphabet.