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Reference ranges for urine tests are described below: Measurement Lower limit Upper limit Unit ... Protein: 0: trace amounts [2] Glucose: n/a: 0 / negative [2 ...
Proteinuria is the presence of excess proteins in the urine. In healthy persons, urine contains very little protein, less than 150 mg/day; an excess is suggestive of illness. Excess protein in the urine often causes the urine to become foamy (although this symptom may also be caused by other conditions).
Urine protein/creatinine ratio is a widely used initial method to estimate daily protein excretion in urine. [1] [2] [3] Since the diagnosis and management of proteinuric renal diseases and the staging of chronic kidney disease depend on accurate identification and quantitation of proteinuria, [4] [1] the implementation of the 24-hour urine collection is the most accurate procedure in practice ...
During pregnancy, it may be performed to screen for protein in the urine (proteinuria), which can be a sign of pre-eclampsia, [19] and bacteria in the urine, which is associated with pregnancy complications. [16] [20] The analysis of urine is invaluable in the diagnosis and management of kidney diseases. [21]
Automatic analysis of urine test strips using automated urine test strip analysers is a well-established practice in modern-day urinalysis. They can measure calcium , blood, glucose, bilirubin, urobilinogen, ketones, leukocytes, creatinine , microalbumin , pH, ascorbic acid and protein.
Proteinuria ≥ 0.3 grams (300 mg) or more of protein in a 24-hour urine sample or a SPOT urinary protein to creatinine ratio ≥0.3 or a urine dipstick reading of 1+ or greater (dipstick reading should only be used if other quantitative methods are not available). [3]
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Creatinine (/ k r i ˈ æ t ɪ n ɪ n,-ˌ n iː n /; from Ancient Greek κρέας (kréas) 'flesh') is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate from muscle and protein metabolism. It is released at a constant rate by the body (depending on muscle mass).