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The vast majority of simple inorganic (e.g. sodium chloride) and organic compounds (e.g. ethanol) are colorless. Transition metal compounds are often colored because of transitions of electrons between d-orbitals of different energy. (see Transition metal#Colored compounds).
Ethylene oxide is a colorless gas at 25 °C (77 °F) and is a mobile liquid at 0 °C (32 °F) – viscosity of liquid ethylene oxide at 0 °C is about 5.5 times lower than that of water. The gas has a characteristic sweet odor of ether, noticeable when its concentration in air exceeds 500 ppm. [ 26 ]
Ethylene oxide: A cyclic ether. Also the simplest epoxide. Dimethyl ether: A colourless gas that is used as an aerosol spray propellant. A potential renewable alternative fuel for diesel engines with a cetane rating as high as 56–57. Diethyl ether: A colourless liquid with sweet odour. A common low boiling solvent (b.p. 34.6 °C) and an early ...
Generally, the choice of method is governed by the raw material and energy situations as well as by the availability of oxygen at a reasonable price. In general, 100 parts of ethene gives: 95 parts acetaldehyde; 1.9 parts chlorinated aldehydes; 1.1 parts unconverted ethene; 0.8 parts carbon dioxide; 0.7 parts acetic acid; 0.1 parts chloromethane
Bromine: Liquid Br 2: 0 Bromide ion: Aqueous Br −: −121 Bromine: Gas Br 111.884 Bromine: Gas Br 2: 30.91 Bromine trifluoride: Gas BrF 3: −255.60 Hydrogen bromide: Gas HBr −36.29 Cadmium: Solid Cd 0 Cadmium oxide: Solid CdO −258 Cadmium hydroxide: Solid Cd(OH) 2: −561 Cadmium sulfide: Solid CdS −162 Cadmium sulfate: Solid CdSO 4 ...
Industrially, it is mainly produced by the reaction of hydrogen gas with bromine gas at 200–400 °C with a platinum catalyst. However, reduction of bromine with red phosphorus is a more practical way to produce hydrogen bromide in the laboratory: [2] 2 P + 6 H 2 O + 3 Br 2 → 6 HBr + 2 H 3 PO 3 H 3 PO 3 + H 2 O + Br 2 → 2 HBr + H 3 PO 4
The structure of sodium oxide has been determined by X-ray crystallography.Most alkali metal oxides M 2 O (M = Li, Na, K, Rb) crystallise in the antifluorite structure.In this motif the positions of the anions and cations are reversed relative to their positions in CaF 2, with sodium ions tetrahedrally coordinated to 4 oxide ions and oxide cubically coordinated to 8 sodium ions.
The bromine test can also be used as an indication of the degree of unsaturation for unsaturated hydrocarbons. Bromine number is defined as gram of bromine able to react with 100g of product. [18] Similar as hydrogenation, the halogenation of bromine is also depend on the number of π bond. A higher bromine number indicates higher degree of ...