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  2. Structural load - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_load

    Dead load. The dead load includes loads that are relatively constant over time, including the weight of the structure itself, and immovable fixtures such as walls, plasterboard or carpet. The roof is also a dead load. Dead loads are also known as permanent or static loads. Building materials are not dead loads until constructed in permanent ...

  3. Steel design - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel_design

    L = live load due to occupancy, L r = roof live load, S = snow load, R = nominal load due to initial rainwater or ice, exclusive of the ponding contribution, T = self straining load, W = wind load, W i = wind on ice.. Special Provisions exist for accounting flood loads and atmospheric loads i.e. D i and W i

  4. Limit state design - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit_state_design

    In determining the specific magnitude of the factors, more deterministic loads (like dead loads, the weight of the structure and permanent attachments like walls, floor treatments, ceiling finishes) are given lower factors (for example 1.4) than highly variable loads like earthquake, wind, or live (occupancy) loads (1.6).

  5. Tension member - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tension_member

    These calculations are performed for a series of load combinations applied to the structure, as specified by the relevant design code. The following tables show some example load combinations from different codes. (Note that it is important to ensure that the design factors and load cases used in a design are consistently applied from a single ...

  6. Structural engineering theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_engineering_theory

    A typical load case for design for serviceability (characteristic load cases; SLS) is: 1.0 x Dead Load + 1.0 x Live Load. Different load cases would be used for different loading conditions. For example, in the case of design for fire a load case of 1.0 x Dead Load + 0.8 x Live Load may be used, as it is reasonable to assume everyone has left ...

  7. Domestic roof construction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_roof_construction

    Roof framing must be designed to hold up a structural load including what is called dead load, its own weight and the weight of the roof covering, and additional loading called the environmental load such as snow and wind. Flat roofs may also need to be designed for live loads if people can walk on them.

  8. Open web steel joist - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_web_steel_joist

    The main function of an OWSJ is to provide direct support for roof or floor deck and to transfer the load imposed on the deck to the structural frame i.e. beam and column. In order to accurately design an OWSJ, engineers consider the joist span between bearing points, joist spacing, slope, live loads , dead loads , collateral loads, seismic ...

  9. Structural analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_analysis

    In the context to structural analysis, a structure refers to a body or system of connected parts used to support a load. Important examples related to Civil Engineering include buildings, bridges, and towers; and in other branches of engineering, ship and aircraft frames, tanks, pressure vessels, mechanical systems, and electrical supporting structures are important.

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