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  2. Papermaking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papermaking

    By 1912, fine book printer and publisher, Dard Hunter had reestablished the craft of fine hand paper making but by the 1930s the craft had lapsed in interest again. [24] When artist Douglass Howell returned to New York City after serving in World War II , he established himself as a fine art printmaker and discovered that art paper was in short ...

  3. Writing material - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing_material

    The craft of paper-making reached Spain in the twelfth century, and at subsequent hundred-year intervals arrived in Italy, Germany, and England. Yet for centuries after paper became widely available in Europe, vellum and parchment were preferred for documents that had to be long-lasting.

  4. Pulp (paper) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulp_(paper)

    [1] [9] [10] While some of the earliest examples of paper made from wood pulp include works published by Jacob Christian Schäffer in 1765 and Matthias Koops in 1800, [1] [11] large-scale wood paper production began in the 1840s with unique, simultaneous developments in mechanical pulping made by Friedrich Gottlob Keller in Germany [12] and by ...

  5. Papyrus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papyrus

    Papyrus (P. BM EA 10591 recto column IX, beginning of lines 13–17) Papyrus (/ p ə ˈ p aɪ r ə s / pə-PY-rəs) is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing surface.

  6. Parchment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parchment

    The final paper is dried. This coating is a natural non-porous cement, that gives to the vegetable parchment paper its resistance to grease and its semi-translucency. Other processes can be used to obtain grease-resistant paper, such as waxing the paper or using fluorine-based chemicals. Highly beating the fibers gives an even more translucent ...

  7. History of paper - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_paper

    [36] [37] The paper-making innovations in Central Asia may be pre-Islamic, probably aided by the Buddhist merchants and monks of China and Central Asia. The Islamic civilization helped spread paper and paper-making into the Middle East after the 8th-century. [36] By 981, paper had spread to Armenian and Georgian monasteries in the Caucasus. [38]

  8. Tree-free paper - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree-free_paper

    Tree-free paper, also known as no tree paper, offers an alternative to traditional wood-pulp paper [1] due to its unique raw material [2] composition. This type of paper is considered more eco-friendly especially when evaluating its entire life cycle. Sources of fiber for tree-free paper [3] [4] [5] Tree-free paper fibers are derived from ...

  9. Wood-free paper - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood-free_paper

    Wood-free paper is paper created exclusively from chemical pulp rather than mechanical pulp. [1] Chemical pulp is normally made from pulpwood, but is not considered wood as most of the lignin is removed and separated from the cellulose fibers during processing, whereas mechanical pulp retains most of its wood components and can therefore still be described as wood.

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