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The judges (sing.Hebrew: שופט, romanized: šōp̄ēṭ, pl. שופטים šōp̄əṭīm) whose stories are recounted in the Hebrew Bible, primarily in the Book of Judges, were individuals who served as military leaders of the tribes of Israel in times of crisis, in the period before the monarchy was established.
There are also brief glosses on six minor judges: Shamgar (Judges 3:31; after Ehud), Tola and Jair (10:1–5), Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon (12:8–15; after Jephthah). [12] Some scholars have inferred that the minor judges were actual adjudicators, whereas the major judges were leaders and did not actually make legal judgements. [13]
The high priests following the exile were: [8][9] Joshua, son of Jehozadak, after the building of the Second Temple. Contemporary of Cyrus the Great (reigned 538–530 BCE) and Darius I (reigned 522–486 BCE). Joiakim, son of Joshua (Nehemiah 12:10). Eliashib, son of Joiakim (Nehemiah 12:10).
There were two classes of Rabbinite courts called sanhedrins: Greater and Lesser. A lesser Sanhedrin of 23 judges was appointed to sit as a tribunal in each city. There was only one Great Sanhedrin of 71 judges, which, among other roles, acted as a supreme court, taking appeals from cases that
Judges 1. Judges 1 is the first chapter of the Book of Judges, the seventh book of the Hebrew Bible or Old Testament, a sacred text in Judaism and Christianity. With the exception of the first verse, scholars have long recognised and studied the parallels between chapter 1 of Judges and chapters 13 to 19 in the preceding Book of Joshua. [1]
Samson (/ ˈsæmsən /; Hebrew: שִׁמְשׁוֹןŠīmšōn "man of the sun") [ 1 ][ a ] was the last of the judges of the ancient Israelites mentioned in the Book of Judges (chapters 13 to 16) and one of the last leaders who "judged" Israel before the institution of the monarchy. He is sometimes considered as an Israelite version of the ...
Caleb, son of Jephunneh from the tribe of Judah (Book of Numbers, Numbers 13:6), is not to be confused with Caleb, great-grandson of Judah through Tamar (1 Chronicles 2:3–9). This other Caleb was the son of Hezron, and his wife was Azubah (1 Chronicles 2:18,19). According to Numbers 13, Caleb, the son of Jephunneh, was one of the twelve spies ...
Samuel is portrayed as a judge who leads the military, as the judges in the Book of Judges, and also who exercises judicial functions. In 1 Sam 12:6–17, a speech of Samuel that portrays him as the judge sent by God to save Israel may have been composed by the Deuteronomists. [40] In 1 Samuel 9:6–20, Samuel is seen as a local "seer".