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Common bile duct dilation (ie, ≥ 7 mm on ultrasonography or ≥ 10 mm on CT) with clinical or biochemical features of obstruction warrants further investigation. ERCP is the initial choice if there are signs of ascending cholangitis.
A dilated common bile duct can indicate various underlying health conditions, ranging from gallstones to more serious issues like cancer. Recognizing symptoms such as jaundice, abdominal pain, and changes in stool color is crucial for early detection.
A bile duct obstruction occurs when a blockage or narrowing in your bile ducts prevents bile from flowing as it should. Gallstones are the most common cause. Treatment involves identifying what’s causing the blockage and removing it to prevent serious complications.
Dilated common bile duct. The common bile duct starts where the ducts of the gallbladder and liver join and ends in the intestine. The common bile duct can become dilated for various reasons outlined below. Why do bile ducts get dilated?
Bile duct abnormalities may be identified during evaluation of patient symptoms or laboratory abnormalities, or incidentally during imaging for another problem. Biliary dilatation, when identified, may be separated into obstructive or nonobstructive causes.
Choledocholithiasis is the condition of having a gallstone (or stones) in your common bile duct. “Choledocho” is the Latin term for the common bile duct, and “lithiasis” means stones. Gallstones are pebble-like pieces of concentrated bile materials. They can develop in any place bile flows through.
Your gallbladder squeezes bile out into the cystic duct. The cystic duct delivers it to the common bile duct, which will carry it down to your small intestine. Your common bile duct is your biggest bile duct, about 10 centimeters (cm) long. This is where all the other bile duct branches connect.
Biliary duct dilatation is a common finding in clinical practice and is often incidental. In the absence of clinical symptoms or elevated levels on liver function tests (LFTs), a dilated bile duct is unlikely to imply biliary obstruction.
Coexisting CBD and intrahepatic bile duct dilation, age, and jaundice were found to be indicators of pathologic lesions. Dilation of both the CBD and pancreatic duct was suggestive of pancreatic disease, especially pancreatic malignancy in the setting of obstructive jaundice.
One form of treatment is a cholecystenterostomy. Rare deformities of the common bile duct are cystic dilations (4 cm), choledochoceles (cystic dilation of the ampula of Vater (3–8 cm)), and biliary atresia.