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In physics, specifically in electromagnetism, the Lorentz force law is the combination of electric and magnetic force on a point charge due to electromagnetic fields. The Lorentz force, on the other hand, is a physical effect that occurs in the vicinity of electrically neutral, current-carrying conductors causing moving electrical charges to ...
Right-hand rule. In mathematics and physics, the right-hand rule is a convention and a mnemonic, utilized to define the orientation of axes in three-dimensional space and to determine the direction of the cross product of two vectors, as well as to establish the direction of the force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field.
In electromagnetism, Ørsted's law, also spelled Oersted's law, is the physical law stating that an electric current creates a magnetic field. [2] This was discovered on 21 April 1820 by Danish physicist Hans Christian Ørsted (1777–1851), [3][4] when he noticed that the needle of a compass next to a wire carrying current turned so that the ...
Electromagnetism. Maxwell's equations, or Maxwell–Heaviside equations, are a set of coupled partial differential equations that, together with the Lorentz force law, form the foundation of classical electromagnetism, classical optics, electric and magnetic circuits. The equations provide a mathematical model for electric, optical, and radio ...
The direction of force on the charge can be determined by a mnemonic known as the right-hand rule (see the figure). [note 3] Using the right hand, pointing the thumb in the direction of the current, and the fingers in the direction of the magnetic field, the resulting force on the charge points outwards from the palm. The force on a negatively ...
Faraday's law states that the emf is also given by the rate of change of the magnetic flux: where is the electromotive force (emf) and ΦB is the magnetic flux. The direction of the electromotive force is given by Lenz's law. The laws of induction of electric currents in mathematical form was established by Franz Ernst Neumann in 1845.
Force between magnets. Magnets exert forces and torques on each other through the interaction of their magnetic fields. The forces of attraction and repulsion are a result of these interactions. The magnetic field of each magnet is due to microscopic currents of electrically charged electrons orbiting nuclei and the intrinsic magnetism of ...
Although the magnetic field, , is a pseudovector (also called axial vector), the vector potential, , is a polar vector. [4] This means that if the right-hand rule for cross products were replaced with a left-hand rule, but without changing any other equations or definitions, then B {\displaystyle \mathbf {B} } would switch signs, but A would ...